客家群体线粒体DNA遗传异质性的研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 18:06

本文选题：客家　切入点：遗传异质性　出处：《暨南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：为了更进一步揭示客家群体的遗传结构和探讨不同区域客家群体遗传结构的差异性，同时也为了进一步理清客家群体与其他民族群体的关系，从而能够为追溯客家群体的起源和历史迁移等人口学事件提供遗传证据。方法：采集125例广东梅州客家和55例广东河源客家健康个体的全血样本，抽提DNA并建立基因库。通过直接测序和运用限制性片段长度多态性分析方法对样本线粒体DNA高变区和编码区序列进行多态性分析，确认每个样本线粒体DNA所属的单倍型类群。结合先前已发表的梅州和长汀客家以及相关群体的遗传数据，通过群体之间的单倍群频率的比对和主成分分析来进行本次的研究探讨。结果：不同区域客家群体的母系遗传结构存在差异，，其中梅州和长汀客家的南方谱系单倍群B、M7、R9总和所占比例较高，全部介于57.4至61.9%之间；而南方谱系单倍群总和在河源客家中所占比例最低，仅为52.7%，但河源客家拥有最高比例的A、D、G等北方谱系单倍群。即使对同一地区来源的两个梅州群体样本，在单倍群F、Z、M8a等单倍群上也存在明显差异。主成分分析图显示河源客家与北方汉族群体和苗族的遗传距离更为接近，而梅州和长汀客家更偏向于于傣族、仫佬族等南方百越起源的群体以及瑶族。结论：通过比对分析四个区域客家群体和其他15个相关群体的母系遗传构成，发现客家作为一个分布如此广泛的群体，虽然共享着一个相同的客家文化，但不同区域客家群体的母系遗传结构存在遗传异质性。本次研究不仅充实了中国汉民族群体mtDNA数据库，也为调查东南亚群体的遗传结构等提供了可靠的数据依据。
[Abstract]:Objective: to further reveal the genetic structure of Hakka population and explore the difference of genetic structure of Hakka population in different regions, and to further clarify the relationship between Hakka population and other ethnic groups.It can provide genetic evidence for tracing the origin and historical migration of Hakka population and other demographic events.Methods: the whole blood samples of 125 Hakka and 55 healthy individuals from Meizhou and Heyuan were collected, DNA was extracted and gene bank was established.By direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region and coding region, the haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA in each sample were identified.Based on the previously published genetic data of Hakka and related populations in Meizhou and Changting, this study was studied by comparing the frequency of haploidy and principal component analysis among populations.Results: the maternal genetic structure of Hakka population in different regions was different, among which, the sum proportion of the southern haploidy group BHM7H7 R9 in Meizhou and Changting Hakkas was higher, ranging from 57.4% to 61.9%.However, the sum of haploidy in the southern pedigree is the lowest in Heyuan Hakka, which is only 52.7. However, Heyuan Hakka has the highest proportion of the northern haploidy, such as AZD DG, and so on.Even for the samples from two Meizhou populations from the same area, there are obvious differences in haploidy groups such as haploidy group FGZ, M8a and so on.The principal component analysis showed that the genetic distance between Heyuan Hakka and northern Han population and Miao nationality was closer, while Meizhou and Changting Hakkas were more inclined to Dai, Mulao nationality and other southern Baiyue origin groups and Yao nationality.Conclusion: by comparing and analyzing the matriarchal genetic composition of four Hakka populations and 15 other related populations, it is found that Hakka, as a widely distributed population, shares the same Hakka culture.However, the maternal genetic structure of Hakka populations in different regions has genetic heterogeneity.This study not only enriches the mtDNA database of Chinese Han nationality population, but also provides reliable data basis for investigating the genetic structure of Southeast Asian population.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R394

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