犬皮质脊髓束的应用解剖学及电生理学研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 04:10

本文选题：脊髓 + 形态学　；参考：《南通大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 第一部分犬脊髓的解剖学观察和测量目的:观察犬脊髓基本形态,测量获取犬脊髓应用解剖学数据。方法:1.通过对12只成年家犬脊髓冰冻切片进行Nissl染色,观察脊髓整体观及各脊髓节段横断面的形态; 2.测量并统计脊髓各节段横截面横径,矢状径,灰质面积和白质面积及其比值,灰质百分比和压缩比。结果:犬脊髓位于椎管内,其长度与椎管长度不一致,分为颈(C)、胸(T)、腰(L)、骶(S)、尾(Co)几个节段(C8,T13,L7,S3,Co5),二者的位置关系大体如下:C1-7与同序数椎骨的椎体相对应;C8平对C7-8椎骨之间;T1-6比同序数椎骨高1个椎体;T7-8比同序数椎骨高半个椎体;T9-L3与同序数椎骨的椎体相对应;L4-7对应第5-6腰椎体高度;骶段和尾段相当于第6-7腰椎体高度。犬脊髓全长有两处梭型膨大:颈膨大(C5-T1)和腰膨大(L4-7)。各脊髓节段横断面横径、矢状径和灰质面积、白质面积的变化趋势基本相同。各脊髓节段横径变化较矢状径大,其中C1为脊髓全长横径最大的节段,C6为脊髓全长矢状径最大的节段。在颈膨大和腰膨大部位灰、白质比、灰质百分比和压缩比均较大。结论:本实验通过测量统计脊髓各节段横截面横径,矢状径,灰、白质面积及其比值,灰质百分比和压缩比等脊髓特征性参数,为犬脊髓的损伤再生研究提供了形态学基础。第二部分犬脊髓皮质脊髓束的BDA顺行示踪及三维可视化研究目的:提供家犬皮质脊髓束在脊髓中的走行和定位,探讨数字三维重建技术在犬皮质脊髓束中的应用。方法:选取8只成年家犬,运用生物素化葡聚糖胺(biotinylated dextran amine, BDA)免疫荧光技术顺行追踪犬脊髓皮质脊髓束,对其在脊髓横切面上进行解剖定位。基于犬脊髓连续冰冻切片获得脊髓和皮质脊髓束的二维图像,在Photoshop软件环境下完成切片图像的配准、分割和灰度化,利用3D-DOCTOR 4.0软件对脊髓及皮质脊髓束进行三维重建并可视化。结果:1.大脑皮层运动区锥体细胞及其轴突标记为绿色荧光,锥体细胞轴突呈绿色条带状下行组成锥体束。在延髓锥体中可见绿色荧光标记区域,与周围结构分界明显。延髓下端锥体交叉处可见绿色荧光标记信号经延髓中央管腹侧,越边交叉至对侧,进入脊髓外侧索。脊髓颈、胸、腰、骶段可见有绿色荧光标记区域位于外侧索后部内侧,紧邻灰质后角,境界清晰。同时发现绿色荧光标记区域在脊髓外侧索下行的过程中,位置逐渐背移,至胸4节段已可见部分绿色荧光标记区域分布于脊髓后角区域,绿色荧光标记区域范围逐渐变小,在骶段仅可见少量绿色荧光标记纤维。2. 3D-DOCTOR软件重建出整个脊髓和皮质脊髓束,可以从任意角度自由观察其结构并进行表面积、体积等应用解剖学数据的测量。结论:1.运用BDA-Streptavidin-FITC顺行示踪法可以对正常家犬皮质脊髓束进行追踪定位。2.家犬皮质脊髓束自运动皮质发出,经锥体交叉至对侧脊髓外侧索,伴随灰质后角走行,下降达骶段。3.运用3D-DOCTOR软件能够重建出整个家犬脊髓,并可以从任意角度自由观察其内部结构。第三部分犬大脑皮层和皮质脊髓束电生理信号的记录和初步分析目的:通过采集犬大脑运动皮层和脊髓皮质脊髓束电生理信号,分析描述电信号的特征,为犬脊髓损伤与修复研究提供有价值的神经电生理资料。方法:在犬大脑运动皮层和脊髓插入单电极,使用神经信号采集处理系统(Cerebus System)记录犬大脑皮层和脊髓电生理信号。利用神经信号分析软件off-line Sorter、Neuroexplorer对已存储的信号文件进行波形特点的描述,包括波长、波幅、放电频率等。结果:1.在犬大脑皮层和脊髓均稳定记录到长时间连续的皮层和脊髓传导束自发放电信号。2.大脑皮层运动神经元和脊髓内传导束放电波形呈双向放电波形,波幅均为百μv级。3.利用“Neuroexplorer”神经信号分析软件对记录的文件作进一步分析,发现皮层神经元和脊髓内传导束的放电呈连续性发放。结论:1.运用铂-玻璃微电极可以对犬大脑运动皮质和脊髓内传导束进行神经电信号的采集。2.从获取的电信号特征及电极尖端插入脊髓内的位置判断脊髓内传导束的神经电信号来源于大脑运动皮质,提示为皮质脊髓束。
[Abstract]:The anatomic observation and measurement of the first part of the canine spinal cord
Objective: To observe the basic morphology of canine spinal cord and measure the applied anatomy data of canine spinal cord.
Methods: 1. by staining the frozen section of the spinal cord of 12 adult dogs by Nissl staining, the whole view of the spinal cord and the transverse section of the spinal segments were observed. 2. the transverse diameter, the sagittal diameter, the area of gray matter and the white matter area and its ratio, the percentage of gray matter and the ratio of compression were measured and measured.
Results: in the spinal canal, the length of the spinal cord is not consistent with the length of the spinal canal. The spinal cord is divided into the neck (C), the chest (T), the waist (L), the sacral (S), the tail (Co) segments (C8, T13, L7, S3, Co5). The relationship between the two are as follows: C1-7 is corresponding to the vertebrae of the same ordinal vertebra, and the 1 vertebrae are higher than the ordinal vertebrae; A half vertebral body; T9-L3 corresponds to the vertebral body of the same ordinal vertebra; L4-7 corresponds to the height of the 5-6 lumbar body; the sacral and tail segments correspond to the height of the 6-7 lumbar vertebrae. The whole length of the spinal cord has two spindle enlargements: the cervical enlargement (C5-T1) and the lumbar enlargement (L4-7). The transverse diameter, sagittal diameter and gray matter area of the spinal segments are the basic phase of the change of the white matter area. The transverse diameter of the spinal cord segments was larger than that of the sagittal diameter, of which C1 was the largest segment of the total length of the spinal cord, and C6 was the largest segment of the total sagittal diameter of the spinal cord. The ratio of white matter to the mass of gray matter, the percentage of gray matter and the ratio of compression were greater.
Conclusion: this experiment provides a morphological basis for the study of spinal cord injury and regeneration in canine spinal cord by measuring the cross section transverse diameter, sagittal diameter, sagittal diameter, ash, white matter area and its ratio, gray matter percentage and compression ratio.
The second part is the BDA anterograde tracing and three-dimensional visualization of corticospinal tract in canine spinal cord.
Objective: to provide the location and localization of the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord of dogs, and to explore the application of digital three-dimensional reconstruction technology in the corticospinal tract of dogs.
Methods: 8 adult dogs were selected by using biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) immunofluorescence technique to follow the spinal cord of the corticospinal spinal cord of the canine. The two-dimensional images of the spinal cord and corticospinal tract were obtained based on the continuous frozen section of the canine spinal cord. In the Photoshop software environment, the spinal cord and the corticospinal tract were obtained. The registration, segmentation and grayscale of slice images were completed. The spinal cord and corticospinal tract were reconstructed and visualized using 3D-DOCTOR 4 software.
Results: 1. the pyramidal cells and axons in the motor area of the cerebral cortex were marked as green fluorescence, and the axon of the pyramidal cells was formed into a pyramidal tract with green strip. In the medulla pyramids, the green fluorescent labeling region was visible, and the boundary was distinct. The greenish fluorescent labeling signal was visible through the ventral side of the central canal of the medulla oblongata and the edge of the medulla. Cross to the contralateral side, into the lateral cord of the spinal cord. The region of the spinal cord neck, the chest, the waist, and the sacral segment is visible in the medial posterior part of the lateral cord, close to the posterior horn of the gray matter, and the boundary is clear. Meanwhile, the green fluorescent labeling area is gradually back in the process of the lateral cord of the spinal cord, and the 4 segment of the chest has been visible to some green fluorescent labeling areas. In the posterior horn of the spinal cord, the area of green fluorescent labeling gradually became smaller. Only a small amount of green fluorescent labeled fiber.2. 3D-DOCTOR was found in the sacral segment to reconstruct the whole spinal cord and the corticospinal tract. The structure of the spinal cord and the corticospinal tract could be observed freely from any angle, and the applied anatomical data of the surface area and volume were measured.
Conclusion: 1. the BDA-Streptavidin-FITC tracing method can be used to track the corticospinal tract of the normal dog's corticospinal tract. The.2. family canine corticospinal tract emits from the corticospinal tract. The pyramidal cross to the lateral cord of the spinal cord and the posterior horn of the gray matter walk, and the 3D-DOCTOR software can be used to reconstruct the whole canine spinal cord with the.3. application of the sacral segment, and the spinal cord can be rebuilt. Observe its internal structure freely from any angle.
The third part is the recording and preliminary analysis of electrophysiological signals of cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract in dogs.
Objective: to analyze the characteristics of electrical signals by collecting electrophysiological signals from the motor cortex of the canine and the corticospinal tract of the spinal cord, so as to provide valuable neurophysiological data for the study of the injury and repair of canine spinal cord.
Methods: a single electrode was inserted into the cerebral motor cortex and spinal cord of the dog. The electrophysiological signals of the canine cerebral cortex and spinal cord were recorded by Cerebus System. The characteristics of the waveform characteristics of the stored signal files were described by the neural signal analysis software off-line Sorter, Neuroexplorer, including the wavelength, amplitude, and frequency of the discharge. Rate and so on.
Results: 1. in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord of the canine, both the cortical and spinal cord of the dog were recorded for a long time. The waveforms of the conduction beam of the cortical motor neuron and spinal cord in the cortical motor neurons and spinal cord of.2. were two way discharge waveform. The amplitude of the wave amplitude was 100 mu V grade.3. using the "Neuroexplorer" signal analysis software of the "Neuroexplorer". Step analysis showed that the discharge of the conduction bundles in cortical neurons and spinal cord was continuous.
Conclusion: 1. a platinum glass microelectrode can be used to collect neuroelectrical signals in the motor cortex and spinal cord of the canine brain..2. from the acquired electrical signals and the position of the tip of the electrode can be inserted into the spinal cord to determine the neuroelectrical signal of the spinal cord in the motor cortex, suggesting the corticospinal tract.

【学位授予单位】：南通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R651.2;R322

【参考文献】