我国社区心理卫生服务组织体系研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 05:02

本文选题：社区 + 心理卫生服务　；参考：《华中科技大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的本研究回顾国内外社区心理卫生服务的发展状况和组织体系建设情况,选取深圳福田区和武汉青山区开展心理卫生服务的社区进行实地调研,比较分析其开展心理卫生服务的组织体系状况,研究制定我国社区心理卫生服务的组织体系,从而保障社区群众的心理健康,提高社区居民的健康水平和生活质量,构建社会主义和谐社区。对象和方法通过查阅网络、期刊和书籍,收集、整理现有国内外关于社区心理卫生服务的发展历程及组织体系建设的情况。对深圳福田区和武汉青山区社区心理卫生服务人员发放调查问卷;并以当地区主管部门领导以及社区卫生服务中心管理人员为访谈对象,每个地区邀请2-3个负责人进行深度访谈。将收集的资料进行整理,输入EXCEL数据库,对多选题采用多重二分法的格式录入;用SPSS12.0统计软件对资料进行统计分析,包括描述性分析、卡方检验等方法。结果 1.我国社区心理卫生服务起步较晚,与发达国家还有一定的差距。在欧美等发达国家,社区心理卫生服务体系已经十分健全和完善,社区心理卫生服务机构已成为人们预防、治疗心理疾患的重要场所;在我国,北京、新疆、深圳、杭州及武汉等地已在某些社区开始开展心理卫生服务,效果显著。 2.目前深圳福田区每个社康中心至少有1名心理卫生服务人员,工作模式是“以区卫生局为领导,区慢病院(辖区医院)精神科为骨干、以每一个社区为落脚点”。武汉青山区每个社区卫生服务中心均建立有心理咨询室,有1名以上的专业人员从事具体工作,其工作模式是“以区卫生局和疾控中心为领导,牵头武东医院,开展心理专家下社区坐诊工作”。 3.调查地区社区心理卫生服务在人力资源配置上,两地区社区心理卫生服务人员主要集中在45岁以下,呈现出年轻化特点。在专业背景上,深圳福田区以临床医学为主,占50.00%,其次是护理专业,占39.06%;武汉青山区以护理专业为主,占49.32%,其次是临床医学,占36.99%;两地区均没有专门以心理学为专业背景的医务人员。在目前所从事的岗位上,专门从事心理卫生服务工作的医务人员比例都过低,被选择次数仅占选择总次数的4.12%、3.66%。在从事心理卫生服务的年限上,两地区不足1年的分别有57.03%、50.68%。 4.调查地区在服务内容上,都侧重于心理健康教育与促进、心理咨询和心理疾病康复指导。在工作形式上,深圳福田区社康中心以板报宣传和心理知识讲座为主,武汉青山区则以社区心理门诊为主。两地区的医务人员对其工作形式的满意度有显著性差异,武汉青山区的满意度较高。在培训方面,两地区心理卫生服务人员的培训时间均较短,甚至绝大部分医务人员没有接受过正规的系统的心理健康知识的培训。在培训渠道上,都只能依靠自学和专题讲座方式提高其服务能力。 5.调查对象在是否应该获得相应报酬上,两地区的调查结果无显著性差异,大多数心理卫生服务人员都认为应该获得相应报酬。武汉青山区获得报酬人员的比例较高、满意度也较高,他们认为报酬与工作较为匹配。 6.调查对象在工作建议方面,深圳福田区社区心理卫生服务人员认为配备专业人员是首要解决的问题;武汉青山区则迫切需要提高知识和技术。在提高积极性的措施上,深圳福田区社康中心的医务人员希望上级能制定合理的报酬;武汉青山区社区医务人员希望能有良好的工作氛围,两地区心理卫生服务人员都希望能获得培训的机会以及被分配恰当的工作。 7.调查地区社区心理卫生服务效果良好,两地区分别有高达78.08%、70.63%的医务人员认为心理卫生服务起到了防治作用。对于继续开展社区心理卫生服务的前景展望,认为十分有必要和有一定必要的比例也很高,在两地区分别高达92.19%、95.89%。结论 1.调查地区社区心理卫生服务的工作模式和督导机构不同,但都是结合各自社区卫生服务工作的特点,为保证心理卫生服务切实有效的开展而确立的,都取得了良好的效果。 2.调查地区社区心理卫生服务的工作形式和服务人员的满意度有显著性差异,武汉青山区的满意度较高,说明在青山区卫生局和疾控中心的领导下,牵头武东医院,由专家定期下社区坐诊,同时结合心理门诊、心理知识讲座、板报宣传等方式开展的心理卫生服务已得到绝大部分心理卫生服务人员的赞同,值得推广。 3.调查地区社区心理卫生服务的人员开展服务的时间较短,均以中青年为主,都是兼职、非专业人员,其接受心理知识的培训不足,培训需求较大。与发达国家相比,我国社区心理卫生服务专业人员严重不足、专业化程度很低。 4.调查地区在服务内容上,都侧重于心理健康教育与促进、心理咨询和心理疾病康复指导。与发达国家相比,呈现出服务内容单一的特点。对策建议 1.坚持政府行为,落实专项投入。 2.整合各种资源,建立社区心理卫生服务组织体系。 3.面向社区居民,开展多元化的社区心理卫生服务。 4.加强人员培训,提高专业人员的素质和技能。 5.定期开展普查,掌握社区居民心理健康需求。 6.完善评估机制,建立科学的社区心理卫生服务评价体系。
[Abstract]:objective
This study reviews the development of community mental health services at home and abroad and the construction of organizational system. It selects the community of psychological health services in Futian District and Qingshan District of Shenzhen to conduct a field survey, compares and analyzes the organizational system of mental health services, and studies the organization of the community mental health service in China. So as to protect the mental health of the community, improve the health level and quality of life of the community residents, and build a harmonious socialist community.
Objects and methods
Through consulting the network, periodicals and books, collecting and sorting out the development of community mental health services and the construction of the organizational system, the questionnaire of the community mental health service personnel in Futian District, Shenzhen and the Qingshan District of Wuhan, as well as the leaders of the local authorities and the management of the community health service center. For the interviewees, 2-3 responsible persons were invited to conduct in-depth interviews in each area. The collected data were arranged, EXCEL database was entered, multiple dichotomy was used to record multiple topics, and statistical analysis of data was carried out with SPSS12.0 statistical software, including descriptive analysis, chi square test and other methods.
Result
1. the community psychological health service in China started late and has a certain gap with the developed countries. In developed countries such as Europe and America, the community mental health service system has been perfect and perfect. Community psychological health service institutions have become an important field for people to prevent and treat psychological diseases. In China, Beijing, Xinjiang, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Wuhan. Other places have started mental health services in some communities, with remarkable results.
2. at present, there are at least 1 mental health service personnel at every social health center in Futian District, Shenzhen. The work pattern is "the leadership of the District Health Bureau, the mental section of the district slow hospital (district hospital) as the backbone, and every community as the foothold." the heart of every community health service in Wuhan Qingshan District has a psychological consultation room with more than 1 professionals. In the specific work, its working mode is "taking the District Health Bureau and the CDC as the leader, taking the lead of Wu Dong hospital, and carrying out the work of psychological experts in community sitting."
3. the community psychological health service in the area of investigation in the area of Shenzhen was mainly focused on the age of 45 years old. In the professional background, Futian District in Shenzhen was mainly clinical medicine, accounting for 50%, followed by nursing specialty, accounting for 39.06%, and Wuhan Qingshan District was mainly nursing specialty, accounting for 49.32%, The second is clinical medicine, accounting for 36.99%. There are no medical personnel specializing in psychology in both areas. In the present positions, the proportion of medical personnel engaged in psychological health service is too low, and the number of selected times is only 4.12% of the total selection times. 3.66%. is in two areas in the period of mental health service. 57.03% for less than 1 years, 50.68%.
4. in the service content, all the areas of investigation focus on mental health education and promotion, psychological counseling and psychological disease rehabilitation guidance. In the form of work, the Futian District social health center in Shenzhen is mainly composed of plate newspaper propaganda and psychological knowledge lectures, and the Qingshan District of Wuhan is based on Community Psychological outpatient. The medical staff in the two regions are satisfied with their work forms. There is a significant difference in degree, the satisfaction of Wuhan Qingshan District is higher. In the training, the training time of the mental health service personnel in the two areas is short, even the vast majority of the medical staff have not received the regular system of the training of mental health knowledge. In the training channels, they can only improve their service by self-study and special lectures. Ability.
5. whether the respondents should receive the corresponding remuneration, there is no significant difference in the results of the two areas. Most of the mental health service personnel think that the remuneration should be paid. The proportion of the remunerations of the Wuhan Qingshan District is higher and the satisfaction is higher, and they think the remuneration and the work are more matched.
6. in the work proposal, the community mental health service personnel in Futian District, Shenzhen, think that the staffing is the first problem to be solved; the Wuhan Qingshan District needs to improve the knowledge and technology urgently. In the measures to improve the enthusiasm, the medical staff of the Futian District social health center in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, hope that the superior will be able to make reasonable remuneration; Wuhan The community medical staff in Qingshan District hope to have a good working atmosphere, and the mental health service staff in both regions hope to get the opportunity of training and to be assigned the right job.
7. the effect of psychological health service in the community was good, the two areas were 78.08%, and 70.63% of the medical staff thought that psychological health service had played a preventive role. 89%.
conclusion
1. the work mode and supervision organization of the community mental health service in the investigation area are different, but both are combined with the characteristics of their respective community health service work, which have achieved good results in order to ensure the effective and effective development of mental health services.
2. the work form of community mental health service in the survey area and the satisfaction of the service personnel have significant difference. The satisfaction of Wuhan Qingshan District is high. It shows that under the leadership of the Qingshan District Health Bureau and the CDC, the lead Wu Dong hospital is taken at the hospital with the experts regularly. The mental health service carried out by the way has been endorsed by most mental health service providers and is worth promoting.
3. the people in the community psychological health service in the survey area have short service time, all of them are mainly middle and young people, both are part-time and non professional, their training of psychological knowledge is insufficient and the training needs are large. Compared with the developed countries, our community mental health service professionals are seriously inadequate and the degree of specialization is very low.
4. in the service content, the areas of service focus on mental health education and promotion, psychological counseling and psychological disease rehabilitation guidance. Compared with the developed countries, the service content shows a single service content.
Countermeasures and suggestions
1. adhere to government behavior and implement special input.
2. integrate various resources and establish community mental health service organization system.
3. facing community residents, developing diversified community mental health services.
4. strengthen personnel training and improve the quality and skills of professionals.
5. conducting regular surveys to grasp the needs of mental health of community residents.
6. improve the evaluation mechanism and establish a scientific evaluation system for community mental health services.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R395

【引证文献】