具有生理学特性的高精度人体肌肉疲劳建模及其在手臂屈伸运动中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 19:23

本文选题：肌肉疲劳模型 + 肘部模型　；参考：《复旦大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 从肌肉的生理学角度建立肌肉疲劳模型是了解肌肉生物力学特征的重要手段,是提高人体运动模拟逼真度的有效方法。本文从钙离子的传导出发,建立了基于人体生理学特点的自适应肌肉疲劳模型,并将其运用于手臂屈伸运动模型,间接验证了该模型符合人体生理特点。该肌肉模型继承和发展了传统肌肉模型的各种优点,综合考虑了肌肉的生理横截面积、肌肉长度、收缩速度、神经元刺激以及肌钙蛋白浓度对肌肉疲劳力学特性的影响。在模型中,我们还改变了传统上把肌肉分为三种运动单位的方式,首次提出了自适应的肌肉运动单位,肌纤维的力学特性随着神经元刺激的不同而发生改变,符合人体肌肉的生理学特性,而且有效的解决传统多运动单位肌肉模型中运动单位募集排序复杂的问题。为了验证自适应肌肉疲劳模型的正确性与合理性,论文还将该模型应用于人体手臂建模,建立了人体手臂的静力学模型和动力学模型。在手臂模型中考虑了几块主要肌肉的肌力臂随肘关节运动的变化情况,并运用优化方法,将外部载荷在各肌肉间进行优化分配,解决了肌肉冗余问题。通过对手臂模型进行仿真分析,得到了手臂在非疲劳状态下肘部输出力矩的强度曲线以及在不同的外部载荷下的疲劳特性,并用实验测量的方法测试了人体手臂在等长收缩和等速运动下肌肉的疲劳力学特性,将理论模型结果与实验测量数据比较,验证了理论模型符合人体生理学特性。论文主要从强度曲线(最大关节力矩)、等长等速运动收缩的最大维持时间以及男女肌肉不同的力学特性等方面进行比较。结果表明,各项理论预测结果与实验结果都非常接近。论文得到以下四个主要结果:(1)不管在静力学还是在动力学状态下,屈肘的关节力矩都是随着肘关节角度变化而变化的,关节力矩在70°左右最大,在两端较小;(2)最大维持时间(MET)随着最大自主收缩百分比(%MVC)的增加而减小,当%MVC大于30%时,%MVC与MET之间的关系近似线性关系;当%MVC小于30%时,两者则出现指数非线性关系;(3)屈肘力矩总体上比伸肘力矩要大,最大的屈肘力矩为最大的伸肘力矩的1.7倍;(4)男性的关节力矩是女性的两倍左右,而女性的抗疲劳程度比男性强;男女肌肉在抗疲劳特性上的差别随着外部相对载荷的减小越来越明显。论文的研究结果表明,肌肉疲劳预测模型和手臂模型不仅能够客观的反映人体肌肉与手臂的静态、动态以及疲劳等力学特征,而且能够准确的描述男女之间肌肉不同的生物力学特性,具有很强的科学价值和应用价值,可为进一步研究人体骨骼肌肉的力学特征提供有效的工具。
[Abstract]:The establishment of muscle fatigue model from the physiological point of muscle is an important means to understand the characteristics of muscle biomechanics. It is an effective method to improve the fidelity of human body motion simulation. In this paper, based on the conduction of calcium ion, an adaptive muscle fatigue model based on the physiological characteristics of human body is established and applied to the arm flexion and extension model. The model conforms to the physiological characteristics of the human body. The model inherits and develops the various advantages of the traditional muscle model, considering the physiological cross section of the muscles, the length of the muscles, the speed of contraction, the stimulation of neurons and the effect of the concentration of troponin on the specificity of the muscle fatigue mechanics. In the model, we have also changed the tradition. It is the first time that the muscle is divided into three kinds of motion units. The adaptive muscle movement unit is first proposed. The mechanical properties of the muscle fibers change with the different stimulation of the neuron. It conforms to the physiological characteristics of the human muscles, and effectively solves the complicated problem of collecting and sorting the movement units in the traditional multi movement unit muscle model. To verify the correctness and rationality of the adaptive muscle fatigue model, the model is applied to the modeling of human arm, and the static and dynamic model of the human arm is established. In the arm model, the changes of the muscle force arm of several main muscles with the movement of the elbow joint are considered, and the external load is applied in the optimization method. The optimal allocation of muscles solves the problem of muscle redundancy.
Through the simulation and analysis of the arm model, the strength curve of the arm's elbow output torque and the fatigue characteristics under different external loads are obtained. The experimental measurement method is used to test the muscle fatigue properties of the arm under equal length contraction and constant velocity movement. The theoretical model results and experiments are carried out. The comparison of the measured data shows that the theoretical model conforms to the physiological characteristics of the human body. The thesis is mainly compared with the strength curve (maximum joint torque), the maximum maintenance time of the isokinetic isokinetic contraction and the different mechanical properties of the male and female muscles. The results show that the theoretical prediction results are very close to the experimental results. The following four main results are as follows: (1) the joint torque of elbow flexion varies with the angle of elbow joint regardless of statics or dynamic state. The joint torque is maximum at about 70 degrees and is smaller at both ends; (2) the maximum maintenance time (MET) decreases with the increase of the maximum self principal contraction percentage (%MVC), when%MVC is greater than 30%,%MV The relationship between C and MET is approximately linear. When%MVC is less than 30%, there is an exponential nonlinear relationship; (3) the bending moment is larger than that of the elbow, and the maximum bending moment is 1.7 times the maximum elbow moment; (4) the joint torque of male is about two times of the female, and the female's fatigue resistance is stronger than that of the male. The difference in the resistance to fatigue of meat is becoming more and more obvious with the decrease of the external relative load. The research results of the paper show that the muscle fatigue prediction model and the arm model can not only objectively reflect the mechanical characteristics of the static, dynamic and fatigue of the muscles and arms, but also can accurately describe the different muscles between men and women. Physical and mechanical properties have strong scientific value and application value, which can provide an effective tool for further studying the mechanical characteristics of human skeletal muscle.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R33

【引证文献】