卵巢表面结构特点和内部脉管系分布的形态学观察

发布时间：2018-07-07 20:14

本文选题：卵巢 + 血管　；参考：《河北医科大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 目的:卵巢为实质性器官,女性的生殖腺,属于腹膜内位器官。目前,已有许多关于卵巢脉管系构筑特点和卵巢表面淋巴孔的研究报道,但存在不同的观点,明确这一问题对于阐明卵巢肿瘤的腹腔转移,卵巢肿瘤腹水形成和转归,以及指导卵巢肿瘤的手术切除等,具有重要的临床意义。本课题拟对啮齿类实验动物的卵巢组织,以及卵巢表面腹膜的结构特点进行观察,探讨卵巢淋巴管的形态学特点,以及卵巢与其表面腹膜的关系,揭示卵巢脉管系的构筑特点,为卵巢激素转运途径的结构基础,提供形态学方面的依据。方法: 1.选用成年SD雌性大鼠及家兔各5只,均于深度麻醉下处死动物并取卵巢组织。经液氮冷冻作冰冻切片,行5’-核苷酸酶(5’-Nase)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)双重染色,相邻组织切片做HE染色,光镜对照性观察卵巢组织和表面腹膜的细微结构,以及脉管系的构筑特点,进一步明确卵巢血管和淋巴管的分布特点及种属差异。 2.选用成年SD雌性大鼠及家兔各2只,进行透射电镜(TEM)标本制作,以观察卵巢超微结构特征及其表面被膜、皮质和髓质的特点,辨别卵巢内毛细血管和毛细淋巴管,观察其超微结构特征。 3.选用成年SD雌性大鼠及家兔各2只,经左心室冲洗血管,灌注3%多聚甲醛和1%戊二醛固定液,行血管内组织固定,取卵巢进行扫描电镜样品制备,观察卵巢表面的结构特点以及种属差异;用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)液氮冷冻割断法,制备卵巢组织的样品,观察卵巢组织及其内部脉管系的构筑特征。结果: 1.光镜观察:(1)HE染色切片光镜观察显示,卵巢表面被覆单层立方或扁平上皮,上皮下为薄层致密结缔组织构成的白膜。卵巢实质分为外周的皮质和中央的髓质,二者无明显界限。皮质内含有大小不等的卵泡,还有黄体、白体、脉管样结构等;髓质内结构疏松,可见较多的脉管样结构且管腔较大。(2)酶双染组织切片光镜观察表明,其结构特点与HE染色切片相似;但是,可明确区分脉管样结构;淋巴管呈现深褐色5’-Nase阳性反应,管壁较薄,管腔较大而且不规则;血管呈现深蓝色ALP阳性反应,管壁较厚,管腔较小多呈圆形。家兔与大鼠相比,其卵巢淋巴管的数目较多且管腔较大,但是,其分布部位相同。 2.透射电镜观察显示,卵巢毛细淋巴管的超微结构,与其它器官的超微结构相似,即管壁薄,仅由单层内皮细胞构成,基底膜不连续或缺如,无周细胞,核常凸向腔内,并有质膜性突起,也可见锚丝样细纤维,连于管壁外侧与周围结缔组织。根据上述特点可与毛细血管相区别,为确认毛细淋巴管较为可靠的方法。 3.扫描电镜观察显示,在大鼠卵巢表面,可见大量的微绒毛,多呈匍匐状。构成卵巢上皮的两型细胞区别明显,扁平上皮细胞呈多边形,带有大量的微绒毛,在相邻细胞的结合部,微绒毛长而密集,构成细胞的界限;立方上皮细胞表面凸出,轮廓清晰;相邻几个立方上皮细胞之间,存在较大的缝隙或淋巴孔,也偶见于扁平细胞之间;家兔卵巢表面与大鼠相比,表面均匀分布着棒状、点状的微绒毛,较多且密集。还可见到由巨噬细胞聚集形成的乳斑。扁平细胞呈长梭形,立方细胞胞体更饱满,向表面隆起呈半球形。在卵巢表面的立方细胞之间,还可见到静止型巨噬细胞,游走型巨噬细胞及其伸出的伪足。结论:在大鼠和家兔卵巢的皮质和髓质内,均存在血管和淋巴管,髓质内的脉管较多较大。卵巢内毛细淋巴管的内皮细胞,形成重叠连接性通道和质膜小泡系统,在组织液和大分子物质的转运中,可能发挥重要作用。卵巢表面被覆两型上皮细胞,扁平上皮和立方上皮细胞;立方上皮细胞之间的缝隙或淋巴孔,构成了卵巢组织液与腹膜腔交通的主要结构基础;关于卵巢脉管系的分布规律和结构特点,以及与腹膜腔的关系,仍需深入观察和研究。
[Abstract]:Objective: the ovary is the parenchyma organ, the female genital gland, which belongs to the intraperitoneal organ. At present, there are many reports about the characteristics of the architecture of the ovarian vascular system and the ovarian surface lymphatic pore, but there are different views on the abdominal cavity metastasis of ovarian tumors, the formation and prognosis of ovarian tumor ascites, and guidance. The surgical removal of ovarian tumors is of great clinical significance. This topic is to observe the ovarian tissue and the structure of the ovarian surface peritoneum in rodent experimental animals, to explore the morphological characteristics of the ovarian lymphatics and the relationship between the ovary and the surface peritoneum, and to reveal the construction characteristics of the ovarian vascular system and the transformation of the ovarian hormone. The structural basis of the way of transportation provides the basis for morphology.
Method:
1. the adult SD female rats and 5 rabbits were killed and the ovarian tissues were killed under deep anesthesia. Frozen sections were frozen through liquid nitrogen. 5 '- nucleotides (5' -Nase) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were used to double staining. The adjacent tissue sections were stained with HE. The microscopic structure of the ovarian tissue and the surface peritoneum, as well as the veins, were observed by light microscope. The construction characteristics of the vascular system further clarify the distribution characteristics and species differences of ovarian vessels and lymphatics.
2. the adult SD female rats and 2 rabbits were selected for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characteristics of the ultrastructure of the ovary, the surface membrane, the cortex and medulla, the capillary and the capillary of the ovary were observed, and the ultrastructural features of the ovary were observed.
3. the adult SD female rats and 2 rabbits each were washed by the left ventricle and perfused with 3% polyformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde fixed solution. The intravascular tissue was fixed and the ovary was prepared by scanning electron microscope to observe the structural characteristics of the ovarian surface and the difference of the species. The ovarian tissue was prepared by the method of DMSO liquid nitrogen cryosurgery by two methyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The characteristics of ovarian tissue and its vascular system were observed.
Result:
1. light microscope observation: (1) the HE staining section showed that the ovarian surface was covered with a single layer of cubic or flat epithelium and a thin layer of dense connective tissue. The ovary was divided into the peripheral cortex and the central medulla, and the two had no obvious boundaries. The follicles in the cortex were large and small, and the corpus luteum, the white body, the vascular structure and so on. The structure of the medulla was loose, and there were more vascular structures and larger cavity. (2) the structure characteristics of the enzyme double staining tissue section showed that the structure characteristic was similar to that of HE staining section. However, the vascular structure was clearly distinguished, the lymphatic tube presented a dark brown 5 '-Nase positive reaction, the tube wall was thinner, the lumen was larger and irregular, and the blood vessel was dark blue ALP The wall of the tube was thicker and the lumen was smaller and round. Compared with the rat, the number of lymphatics in the ovary was larger and the lumen was larger, but the distribution of the ovary was the same.
The ultrastructure of 2. transmission electron microscope showed that the ultrastructure of the lymphatic capillary of the ovary was similar to the ultrastructure of other organs, that is, the wall of the tube was thin, only the monolayer endothelial cells were made up, the basement membrane was discontinuous or absent, no pericytes, the nucleus often protruded into the cavity, and there was a plasmalemma, and the anchor like fine fibers were also visible, connected to the outer wall of the tube and the surrounding connective tissue. According to the above characteristics, it can be distinguished from capillaries, which is a reliable method to identify capillary lymphatics.
3. the scanning electron microscope showed that a large number of microvilli were found on the surface of the ovary on the surface of the rat. The two cells of the ovarian epithelial cells were distinct, the flat epithelial cells were polygonal, with a large number of microvilli, at the junction of the adjacent cells, the microvilli was long and dense, and the boundaries of the cells were formed; the surface of the cubic epithelial cells protruded, and the wheel was protruding. There are large gaps or lymphatic pores between adjacent cubic epithelial cells, and also occasionally found in flat cells. Compared with rats, the surface of the rabbit's ovary is evenly distributed with rod like, punctate microvilli, more and denser. The body is more full and hemispherical. Between the cuboidal cells on the surface of the ovary, there is still a static macrophage, a wandering macrophage and its protruding pseudo foot.
Conclusion: there are vessels and lymphatics in the cortex and medulla of the ovaries of the rats and rabbits, and the veins in the medulla are more large. The endothelial cells of the capillary lymphatic vessels in the ovary form an overlapping connective channel and a plasma membrane vesicle system, which may play an important role in the transport of tissue fluid and macromolecules. The ovarian surface is covered with two types of epithelium. Cells, flat epithelial cells and cubic epithelial cells; the gap or lymphatic hole between the cubic epithelial cells constitute the main structural basis for the ovarian tissue fluid and the peritoneal cavity traffic; the distribution and structural characteristics of the ovarian vascular system, as well as the relationship with the peritoneal cavity, still need to be observed and studied in depth.
【学位授予单位】：河北医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R737.31;R322

【参考文献】