双峰驼大肠黏膜相关淋巴组织的免疫形态学特征及其抗寄生虫感染能力的研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 15:56

【摘要】： 为明确我国西部特有双峰驼大肠黏膜免疫相关部位的形态学特点、免疫方式及其功能与年龄的关系,分别应用大体剖检、测量统计及组织学切片技术对甘肃民勤产双峰驼的12峰正常个体、6峰自然感染球虫个体进行了观察研究实验。结果显示,正常双峰驼的大肠黏膜免疫密切相关的PP结(Peyer's patches)宏观表现为半月形、杯状、囊状3种基本眼观形态,其中半月状PP结的淋巴小结数量比杯状、囊状PP结少。PP结分布位于回盲部和结肠前1/3部分,在盲肠、结肠后段、直肠无分布。经统计,PP结的总数量在不同年龄个体中存在明显差别,且3种形态PP结所占的比重也不相同。0.5~2岁幼年驼以半月状形态PP结居多,3~5岁成年驼以杯状、囊状形态居多,6~16岁也以杯状、囊状形态居多,数量有所下降;17岁以上半月状PP结居多,但总量有所下降。大肠黏膜上皮内淋巴细胞、固有层淋巴细胞、淋巴小结等数量随年龄的增长而增多,而杯状细胞随年龄变化不显着。PP结主要分布于黏膜下层和黏膜上皮层下方,且幼年驼的PP结中淋巴小结数量明显少于5岁以上成年驼。此外,正常个体大肠黏膜固有层中浆细胞分布很少,黏膜下层的肥大细胞很难见到,网状纤维组织清晰粗密,仅存在于孤立淋巴小结、PP结内。感染个体黏膜增厚,呈脑回样增生,颜色灰白,局部有出血,表面附有较多黏液,但PP结眼观形态变化不明显。光镜下黏膜上皮、固有层内肠腺及杯状细胞、浆细胞、弥散淋巴组织均有增生,固有层、黏膜肌层以及黏膜下层发生大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,黏膜下层淋巴小结、PP结显着增生,生发中心明显,黏膜上皮层下方的PP结与相邻黏膜上皮层大量增生并形成许多突起,突起顶部包含大量淋巴组织,形似“球拍”样,血管周围肥大细胞显着增生,PP结外周、顶部以及固有层的许多布满淋巴组织的非PP结区域内均可见大量增生的网状纤维组织分布,此外,还可见黏膜出血、黏膜上皮坏死脱落等。上述结果表明,双峰驼大肠黏膜免疫组织的分布、眼观形态都为其种属特有,回盲部是其消化道中的重要黏膜免疫部位和免疫效应部位,具有很强的免疫形态学基础。双峰驼大肠的黏膜免疫强度在幼年到成年阶段呈显着上升趋势。感染组个体的脑回样增生系自身黏膜免疫组织增生所致,大肠黏膜受到抗原刺激后,宿主黏膜免疫系统会通过黏膜免疫相关组织的大量增生进行抵抗,且成年驼比幼年驼表现出更强的黏膜免疫抵抗能力。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the morphological characteristics of the immune related parts of the large intestine mucosa of the special Bactrian camel in Western China, the relationship between the immune mode and its function and age, the 12 normal individuals of the Bactrian camel produced in Gansu Minqin, and the 6 peaks of the natural infection coccidia of the Bactrian Camel, were observed and studied.
The results showed that the macroscopically related PP junction (Peyer's patches) of normal coliform mucosa in normal Bactrian camel was characterized by 3 kinds of basic ophthalmic morphology: meniscus, cup-shaped and cystic, and the number of lymph nodes in the semilunar PP node was less than that of the cup and cystic PP node, and the.PP node was located in the ileocecal and pre colon 1/3 parts, and in the cecum, the posterior colon and the rectum. After statistics, the total number of PP nodes in different age groups was significantly different, and the proportion of the 3 forms of PP nodes was not the same as that of the.0.5~2 year old camels with half moon shaped PP knots, and the adult camels at the age of 3~5 were cup like, cystic, and 6~16 years old, with a cup like shape and a decrease in number, and the majority of PP knots over 17 years old. The amount of the intraepithelial lymphocyte, lamina propria lymphocyte and lymph node increased with age, but the.PP node in the goblet cell was mainly distributed under the submucosal and mucous epithelium with age, and the number of lymph nodes in the PP knot of the young camel was obviously less than that of the adult camel over 5 years old. In addition, the plasma cells in the coliform lamina propria of normal individuals are rarely distributed, and the mast cells in the submucosa are difficult to see, and the reticular fibrous tissue is clear and dense, only in the solitary lymph nodes and in the PP junction.
The mucous membrane of the infected individual was thickened, with a cerebral gyrus like hyperplasia, gray white, partial bleeding, and more mucus on the surface, but the morphological changes of the PP's eyes were not obvious. The mucosa of the mucosa, the inner layer of the propria, the plasma cells, the diffuse lymphoid tissue were proliferated, the lamina propria, the muscularis and the submucosa occurred a large amount of eosinophilic granules. The cell infiltration, submucosa lymph node, PP nodal hyperplasia, the germinal center obvious, the PP knot below the epithelium of the mucosa and adjacent mucosa epithelium proliferating and forming many protrusions. The top of the protuberance contains a large number of lymphoid tissues, resembling the "racket", hypertrophy surrounding the blood vessels, the PP junction, the top and many proprs. A large number of proliferative reticular fibrous tissue was found in the non PP junction area with lymphoid tissue. In addition, mucosal bleeding, mucosal epithelial necrosis and abscission were also seen.
The results show that the distribution of immune tissues in the mucosa of the large intestine of the Bactrian camel is endemic to its species, and the ileocecal part is an important part of the mucosal immune and immune response in the digestive tract, and has a strong immune morphological basis. The mucosal immune intensity of the large intestine of the Bactrian camel shows a rising trend from young to adult. After the mucosal immune tissue proliferation in the group of individuals, the mucosal immune system of the host is resisted by the proliferation of mucosal immune related tissues, and the adult camel has a stronger mucosal immune resistance than the young camel after the mucosal immune system is stimulated by the antigen.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R392

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