幕上脑出血颅脑结构改变的临床解剖学应用研究
发布时间：2018-08-10 07:37
【摘要】： 三维立体解剖图像早于70年代就引起生物科学界的广泛注意,将三维立体重建技术应用于形态学的研究早有开展[1][2],如国外的voxe-man的诞生和国内的卢洪煊等人颅脑的形态学研究,但由于受断层技术和计算机性能等因素的限制,前人所做出的多为单一器官或组织的三维重建,且图像质量不尽满意,无论对教学和临床都无很高的指导意义。目前,临床上CT、MRI等影像诊断技术由于灰度等因素的影响,图像清晰度不尽完美,对大脑的深部结构重建效果不尽人意。本文采用薄层的颅脑组织冰冻切片技术对大脑各部分结构进行形态学及空间位置的研究,旨在为完成中国数字化人体及三维重建技术向教学过渡和为临床立体定向手术的开展提供形态学基础及更详尽的数字化资料。 本文采用国内主流机型,利用目前较为先进的数码摄像技术,运用并改进传统的冰冻切片技术,对颅脑进行厚度1mm的断层切片,利用自编的软件对断层图象,通过A/ D转换,对位配准,兴趣区提取,对颅脑复杂结构进行三维重建,并作到了在二维屏幕上进行三维立体显示。重建后的图像可根据软件的功能在屏幕上任意角度进行旋转,剖割,拆分和透明处理等,重建图像轮廓清晰,对不同的器官可任意设定颜色或真彩显示。与CT,MRI断层影像重建的结果比较,增加了组织器官色彩的鲜明性和真实性、多种组织同时重建和同一组织器官的拆分。解决了人体结构中最复杂的部位即颅脑的三维重建和受计算机处理速度限制的问题,为中国数字化人体工程提供了一种可行的操作方法和技术手段。同时,在颅脑整体重建图像的基础上,对颅脑结构的三维坐标值,体积等相关参数进行测量和计算,为空间立体测量获取人体结构数据信息提供了一种简洁、科学和准确的方法。为三维重建技术向教学和临床过度奠定了基础。同时本文着眼于临床,利用医学影象技术和三维重建方法对104例临床脑出血的CT影像进行了较为系统和客观的分析,得到幕上脑出血时CT影像的形变规律,如按部位内囊、外囊、丘脑和基底核等出血时与中线结构位移关系,出血量多少与中线移位之间的关系等,以期指导临床上对脑出血的诊断和治疗。
[Abstract]:3D stereoscopic anatomical images have attracted wide attention from the biological science community since the 1970s. The application of 3D stereoscopic reconstruction technology to the study of morphology has been carried out [1] [2], such as the birth of voxe-man in foreign countries and the morphological study of human brain in China, such as Lu Hongxuan, and so on. However, due to the limitation of fault technology and computer performance, most of the previous works are 3D reconstruction of a single organ or tissue, and the image quality is not satisfactory, so it has no high guiding significance for teaching and clinic. At present, because of the influence of gray level and other factors, the image definition is not perfect, and the reconstruction effect of deep structure of brain is not satisfactory. In this paper, the morphology and spatial location of various parts of the brain were studied by thin-layer frozen section of brain tissue. The aim is to provide morphological basis and more detailed digital data for the transition of digital human body and 3D reconstruction technology to teaching and clinical stereotactic surgery in China. In this paper, using the domestic mainstream model, using the advanced digital camera technology, using and improving the traditional frozen section technology, the slice of the brain thickness of 1mm is made, and the image of the slice is obtained by using the self-compiled software, and the image is converted by A / D. Position registration, extraction of region of interest, 3D reconstruction of complex craniocerebral structure, and 3D display on two-dimensional screen. The reconstructed image can be rotated, cut, split and transparently processed at any angle on the screen according to the function of the software. The reconstructed image has a clear outline and can be displayed in any color or true color for different organs. Compared with the results of CT MRI reconstruction, the color of tissues and organs is more vivid and truthful, and many kinds of tissues are reconstructed simultaneously and the same tissues and organs are split. It solves the problem that the most complex part of the human body is the three-dimensional reconstruction of brain and is limited by the speed of computer processing. It provides a feasible operation method and technical means for the digital human body engineering in China. At the same time, on the basis of the whole brain reconstruction image, the related parameters such as the three-dimensional coordinate value and the volume of the brain structure are measured and calculated, which provides a simple way for the spatial stereoscopic measurement to obtain the human body structure data information. Scientific and accurate methods. It lays the foundation for the transition of 3D reconstruction technology to teaching and clinic. At the same time, with the purpose of clinical application, the CT images of 104 cases of clinical intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed systematically and objectively by using medical imaging technique and three-dimensional reconstruction method. The deformation rules of CT images in supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage were obtained, such as the internal capsule according to the location. In order to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage, the relationship between external capsule, thalamus and basal nucleus and the displacement of midline structure, the amount of bleeding and the displacement of midline were discussed in order to guide the diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R322;R743.34
本文编号：2175404
[Abstract]:3D stereoscopic anatomical images have attracted wide attention from the biological science community since the 1970s. The application of 3D stereoscopic reconstruction technology to the study of morphology has been carried out [1] [2], such as the birth of voxe-man in foreign countries and the morphological study of human brain in China, such as Lu Hongxuan, and so on. However, due to the limitation of fault technology and computer performance, most of the previous works are 3D reconstruction of a single organ or tissue, and the image quality is not satisfactory, so it has no high guiding significance for teaching and clinic. At present, because of the influence of gray level and other factors, the image definition is not perfect, and the reconstruction effect of deep structure of brain is not satisfactory. In this paper, the morphology and spatial location of various parts of the brain were studied by thin-layer frozen section of brain tissue. The aim is to provide morphological basis and more detailed digital data for the transition of digital human body and 3D reconstruction technology to teaching and clinical stereotactic surgery in China. In this paper, using the domestic mainstream model, using the advanced digital camera technology, using and improving the traditional frozen section technology, the slice of the brain thickness of 1mm is made, and the image of the slice is obtained by using the self-compiled software, and the image is converted by A / D. Position registration, extraction of region of interest, 3D reconstruction of complex craniocerebral structure, and 3D display on two-dimensional screen. The reconstructed image can be rotated, cut, split and transparently processed at any angle on the screen according to the function of the software. The reconstructed image has a clear outline and can be displayed in any color or true color for different organs. Compared with the results of CT MRI reconstruction, the color of tissues and organs is more vivid and truthful, and many kinds of tissues are reconstructed simultaneously and the same tissues and organs are split. It solves the problem that the most complex part of the human body is the three-dimensional reconstruction of brain and is limited by the speed of computer processing. It provides a feasible operation method and technical means for the digital human body engineering in China. At the same time, on the basis of the whole brain reconstruction image, the related parameters such as the three-dimensional coordinate value and the volume of the brain structure are measured and calculated, which provides a simple way for the spatial stereoscopic measurement to obtain the human body structure data information. Scientific and accurate methods. It lays the foundation for the transition of 3D reconstruction technology to teaching and clinic. At the same time, with the purpose of clinical application, the CT images of 104 cases of clinical intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed systematically and objectively by using medical imaging technique and three-dimensional reconstruction method. The deformation rules of CT images in supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage were obtained, such as the internal capsule according to the location. In order to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage, the relationship between external capsule, thalamus and basal nucleus and the displacement of midline structure, the amount of bleeding and the displacement of midline were discussed in order to guide the diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R322;R743.34
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