大学生面对突发公共卫生事件的心理分析

发布时间：2018-10-11 10:22

【摘要】： 人类进入现代社会以后,各种公共危机的因素不断增加、突发公共卫生事件日益频繁爆发。今天的世界,各种各样的突发公共卫生事件已成为社会的一大难题。据国家环境保护总局统计,2001-2004年,我国每年环境污染和破坏事故都在1400-2000件之间。这些灾难具有不可预测性和不可抗拒性,它不仅严重威胁人们的生命安全,而且给人们带来物质与经济的重大损失,给人类造成了毁灭性的灾难。高等学校作为社会的主要组成部分,不可避免地同样遭受到突发公共卫生事件的危害。高等学校是一个人口高度密集的地方,传播感染比较迅速。他们是一个年轻而特殊的社会群体,由于他们的认知方式和防御能力还不成熟,常常在一些大型的突发事件面前缺乏应对能力,一旦发生危机事件将会给他们带来极大的损害。尤其2008年的“非典”和2009年的“甲流”给全世界乃至各国高校带来的经济损失和心理恐慌是相当大的。为此,提高大学生在突发公共卫生事件中心理应激的能力、减轻危害的压力、探索建立有效的高校突发公共卫生事件的应激机制受到国家和高校的普遍重视。本文以2009年冬季甲型H1N1流感暴发期间,针对高校封校的举措,对某封校的在校大学生以问卷的方式进行了一次抽样调查,使用自编的关于甲型H1N1流感心理变化因素问卷、艾森克人格问卷、简易应对方式问卷,焦虑自评量表等调查方式,了解不同特点大学生面对突发公共卫生事件知晓程度、应对方式、心理素质等多方面的差异。在关于H1N1的恐惧心态方面,有37.8%的学生对甲型H1N1流感有过明显的恐惧担忧,焦虑水平平均分与国内常模分比较,有显著性差异。采用多元线性逐步回归分析技术,以影响甲型流感期间焦虑水平的总分为因变量,结合其它相关的因素作为依赖变量研究对其的预测作用。以消极应对预测力最佳,其次是情绪稳定性和积极应对。对高校大学生在突发公共卫生事件中的应激心理的现状、成因进行讨论、剖析,并提出相应的可操作性建议、应对方式和改进措施,从而寻求高校突发公共卫生事件预防和应激的途径,希望能给相应的大学管理者和卫生机构在制定决策方面提供有力的依据。
[Abstract]:After entering the modern society, the factors of various public crises are increasing, and public health emergencies break out more and more frequently. In today's world, a variety of public health emergencies have become a major social problem. According to the statistics of the State Environmental Protection Administration, from 2001 to 2004, the number of environmental pollution and damage accidents in China ranged from 1400-2000. These catastrophes are unpredictable and irresistible. They not only seriously threaten people's lives, but also cause great losses to people's material and economy, and cause devastating disasters to human beings. As the main part of society, colleges and universities inevitably suffer from public health emergencies. Colleges and universities are a highly densely populated place, and the transmission of infection is relatively rapid. They are a young and special social group, because their cognitive style and defense ability are not mature, they often lack the ability to deal with some large emergencies, once the crisis will bring them great damage. Especially the SARS in 2008 and the A-A in 2009 brought great economic losses and psychological panic to colleges and universities all over the world. Therefore, to improve the ability of psychological stress of college students in public health emergencies, reduce the pressure of harm, and explore the establishment of an effective stress mechanism of public health emergencies in colleges and universities have received widespread attention. During the outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in winter 2009, a sampling survey was carried out among college students in a certain school in view of the measures of closing schools in a university. The questionnaire was used to investigate the psychological factors of influenza A (H1N1). Eysenck Personality questionnaire, simple coping style questionnaire, Self-Rating anxiety scale, etc., to understand the different characteristics of college students in the face of public health emergencies awareness, coping style, psychological quality and other aspects of the difference. In terms of the fear mentality of H1N1, 37.8% of the students had obvious fear about H1N1 influenza, and the average anxiety level was significantly different from that of the norm in China. The multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to predict the anxiety level during influenza A (influenza A) with the total score of anxiety level as dependent variable and other related factors as dependent variables. Negative coping was the best predictor, followed by emotional stability and positive coping. This paper discusses and analyzes the current situation and causes of stress psychology of college students in public health emergencies, and puts forward corresponding operational suggestions, coping methods and improvement measures. In order to find the ways to prevent and stress public health emergencies in colleges and universities, it is hoped that it can provide a strong basis for the corresponding university administrators and health institutions to make decisions.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R395

【相似文献】