Meckel腔隙和三叉神经节的临床解剖学研究

发布时间：2018-11-29 10:22

【摘要】： 目的探察研究Meckel腔隙和三叉神经节的形态结构,进一步完善基础研究资料,为临床工作提供新的形态学证据。材料与方法24侧(12例)成人头颅标本(自愿捐献),10%甲醛固定。使用游标卡尺(精确到0.02mm)测量Meckel腔隙、三叉神经根及三叉神经节。应用奥林巴斯体视学显微镜观察三叉神经根、三叉神经节的微观形态并计数神经纤维束的个数。所得数据采取Spss统计软件分析。结果Meckel腔隙位于颞骨岩尖部,分为上腔和下腔。腔口(三叉神经孔)呈卵圆形,两侧腔口(三叉神经孔)的内间距为27.19±2.41mm;外间距为38.33±2.92 mm。上腔深左侧11.58±0.37 mm;右侧13.50±0.96 mm。下腔深左侧13.63±1.03 mm;右侧13.53±1.01mm。腔宽左侧10.37±0.91mm;右侧10.91±0.66mm。腔口长径左侧7.44±0.66 mm;右侧7.66±1.27mm。腔口短径左侧2.85±0.47mm;右侧3.50±0.99mm。位于Meckel腔隙口处的三叉神经根由感觉根和运动根组成,呈扁的椭圆形,运动根较细,位于感觉根的内侧。三叉神经节呈半月形,外包脑膜,节的远端朝向前外,并分成三束形成眼神经、上颌神经和下颌神经。三叉神经根(Meckel腔隙口处)的根宽左侧7.53±1.01mm;右侧7.36±0.97mm。根厚左侧2.88±0.52mm;右侧2.49±0.31mm。三叉神经节的节长左侧12.41±0.68mm;右侧12.36±0.58mm。节宽左侧4.31±0.54mm;右侧4.13±0.53mm。节厚左侧2.46±0.31mm;右侧2.30±0.24mm。显微镜下可见三叉神经根呈扫帚形,由许多神经纤维束组成,神经纤维束表面光滑明亮,粗细不等,互相松散地集聚一起,近侧端集聚较紧密,远侧端逐渐分离,间隙较大。三叉神经感觉根的神经纤维束向下出现分支,逐渐变细,并且束间有细支相连,未见有明显的膨大。感觉根与运动根在外形上没有显著差别。三叉神经节是由三叉神经根的神经纤维束延续而成,表面被膜与节结合紧密,不易剥离。节中也是较细神经纤维束,其外观与三叉神经根处的相同,表面光滑明亮,暴露出来的这些神经纤维束镜下未见有明显的膨大,无法确定神经节内神经元胞体的准确部位。结论本研究应用体式学显微镜观察了三叉神经根和三叉神经节的形态,三叉神经根和三叉神经节由神经纤维束组成,纤维束光滑明亮,有束间纤维相连。感觉纤维和运动纤维无明显差别。纤维束没有明显的膨大处,也没有形成明显的节的结构。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the morphology and structure of Meckel lacunar and trigeminal ganglion, and to provide new morphological evidence for clinical work. Materials and methods 24 adult head specimens (voluntary donation) were fixed with 10% formaldehyde. The Meckel lacunae, trigeminal roots and trigeminal ganglion were measured using Vernier calipers (accurate to 0.02mm). The microscopic morphology of trigeminal nerve root and trigeminal ganglion was observed with Olympus stereological microscope and the number of nerve fiber bundles was counted. The data were analyzed by Spss statistical software. Results the Meckel lacunae were located at the apical part of the temporal bone and were divided into superior and inferior cavities. The cavity orifice (trigeminal foramen) is oval, the internal distance between the two cavities (trigeminal foramen) is 27.19 卤2.41 mm and the outer space is 38.33 卤2.92 mm.. Upper chamber depth left 11.58 卤0.37 mm; right 13.50 卤0.96 mm. The depth of the lower chamber was 13.63 卤1.03 mm;, the right was 13.53 卤1.01 mm. The width of the cavity was 10.37 卤0.91 mm on the left side and 10.91 卤0.66 mm on the right side. The length of the cavity was 7.44 卤0.66 mm;, the right was 7.66 卤1.27 mm. The short diameter of the cavity was 2.85 卤0.47 mm on the left and 3.50 卤0.99 mm on the right. The trigeminal nerve root located at the mouth of the Meckel lacunar is composed of sensory root and motor root, which is flat ellipse, and the motor root is thin, which is located on the medial side of the sensory root. The trigeminal ganglion is semilunar with outer meninges and the distal side of the ganglion facing to the anteroposterior. The trigeminal ganglion is divided into three bundles to form the ophthalmic nerve the maxillary nerve and the mandibular nerve. The root width of trigeminal nerve root (Meckel lacunar orifice) was 7.53 卤1.01 mm on the left side and 7.36 卤0.97 mm on the right side. The root thickness was 2.88 卤0.52 mm on the left and 2.49 卤0.31 mm on the right. The length of trigeminal ganglion was 12.41 卤0.68 mm on the left side and 12.36 卤0.58 mm on the right side. The width of the segment was 4.31 卤0.54 mm on the left side and 4.13 卤0.53 mm on the right side. The thickness of the segment was 2.46 卤0.31 mm on the left side and 2.30 卤0.24 mm. on the right side. Under the microscope, the trigeminal nerve root is shown as broom-shaped, which is composed of many nerve fiber bundles. The surface of the nerve fibers is smooth and bright, the thickness is unequal, the nerve fibers gather loosely together, the proximal end is gathered more closely, the distal end is gradually separated, and the gap is large. The nerve fibers of the sensory roots of the trigeminal nerve branched down and gradually became thinner. There was no significant difference in shape between sensory and motor roots. The trigeminal ganglion is formed by the nerve fiber bundle of trigeminal nerve root. The appearance of the fine nerve fiber bundle is the same as that of the trigeminal nerve root, and the surface is smooth and bright. There is no obvious enlargement of the exposed nerve fiber bundle under the microscope, so it is impossible to determine the exact location of the neuronal cell body in the ganglion. Conclusion the morphology of trigeminal nerve root and trigeminal ganglion is observed by means of somatography microscope. The trigeminal nerve root and trigeminal ganglion are composed of nerve fiber bundles which are smooth and bright. There was no significant difference between sensory fiber and motor fiber. There is no obvious swelling of the fibrous bundles, nor does it form a distinct nodal structure.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R322

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