城乡高中生睡眠质量及焦虑抑郁相关因素的对照研究

发布时间：2019-05-21 09:47

【摘要】： 背景:人生三分之一的时间是在睡眠中度过的,睡眠与健康的关系历来受到人们的关注。随着现代医学的发展,心理障碍研究领域的关注点正由重症向轻症方向发展,睡眠质量越来越引起人们的重视,因睡眠问题所带来的医疗费用增加和工作学习效率下降已成为发达国家广泛关注的公共卫生问题。睡眠质量不仅与多种精神障碍、消化性溃疡、心血管疾病、精神活性物质滥用等健康问题有关,还可以增加死亡和意外事故的危险性。高中阶段是身心发育和成熟的关键时期。高中生作为一个特殊的群体,承受着学习、生活诸多方面的压力,睡眠障碍问题尤其突出,解决这一问题刻不容缓。同时,高中生焦虑抑郁情绪发生率高,开展有效的睡眠质量、焦虑抑郁研究,探讨影响因素,对于维护高中生身心健康,具有重要的现实意义。目的:调查高中生睡眠质量、焦虑抑郁的现状,对比城乡高中生睡眠质量、焦虑抑郁的特点及相关因素。方法:以城乡中学为基本单位,应用标准化心理卫生评定量表抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)及自拟基本情况调查表,采用整群抽样的方法,抽取山东省济南市某中学和曲阜某中学高二年级各12个班学生共1407名作为研究对象,进行睡眠质量、焦虑、抑郁和学生家庭、自身、学校相关因素调查。将调查结果整理、编码后输入SPSS数据库,根据资料的性质应用SPSS13.0统计软件进行一般描述性分析、t检验、χ~2检验、Pearson直线相关分析和Spearman等级相关分析及多元逐步回归分析。结果:共调查高中生1407人,收回资料完整有效问卷1383份,其中城市685人(49.5%),农村698(50.5%)人。高中生睡眠障碍检出率为14.61%,其中城市为14.01%,农村为15。19%;PSQI总分为4.21±3.02,城市为3.87±3.12,农村为4.55±2.89,农村高于城市,差异具有极显著性(P＜0.001)。实际睡眠时间最小值4.15,最大值8.26,平均为7.41±0.71,城市平均为7.34±1.56,农村平均为7.47±0.93,差异无显著性(P=0.074)。焦虑总体检出率20.31%,城市、农村分别为27.30%、13.47%,城市高于农村,差异具有极显著性(P＜0.001),焦虑标准分总分为42.33±9.37,城市为43.81±10.10,农村为40.86±8.35,城市高于农村,差异具有极显著性(P＜0.001)。抑郁总体检出率37.02%,城市、农村分别为42.77%、31.38%,城市高于农村,卡方检验差异具有极显著性(P＜0.001),抑郁标准分总分为46.34±11.17,城市47.86±12.06,农村44.88±10.03,城市高于农村,差异具有极显著性(P＜0.001)。影响高中生睡眠质量、焦虑抑郁情绪的家庭因素有父母健康状况、父子关系、母子关系、父母关系、教养一致性、家庭学习环境、家庭周围风气等(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。其中,农村高中生主要有父亲健康状况、父母关系、家庭学习环境、家庭周围风气(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),城市高中生主要有父母健康状况、父母关系、教养一致性、家庭周围风气、父子关系、母子关系(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。影响高中生睡眠质量、焦虑抑郁情绪的自身因素有健康状况、个性特征、学习成绩、体育锻炼、自信心、意志力(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。其中,农村高中生主要有为健康状况、学习成绩、体育锻炼、适应能力、自信心、意志力(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);城市高中生主要有健康状况、学习成绩、自信心(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。影响高中生睡眠质量、焦虑抑郁情绪的学校因素有学习负担、同学关系、作业完成情况、学校风气(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。其中,农村高中生主要为学习负担、完成作业情况、学习时间、同学关系、师生关系、学校风气(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);城市高中生主要为作业完成情况、学校风气、学习计划、学习负担(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。结论: 1.高中生睡眠障碍、焦虑抑郁情绪检出率高,其中睡眠障碍农村高于城市,而焦虑抑郁情绪城市高于农村。 2.影响高中生睡眠质量、焦虑抑郁情绪的因素有家庭因素、个人自身因素、学校相关因素,如父母健康状况、亲子关系、家庭学习环境、个性特征、身体健康状况、自信心、学习负担、同学关系、作业完成情况、学校风气等。城市与农村高中生影响因素具有一定差异性。
[Abstract]:Background: One-third of life is spent in sleep, and the relationship between sleep and health has always been of concern to people. With the development of modern medicine, the focus of psychological barrier research is being developed in the direction of intensive care, and the quality of sleep is more and more important. The increase of the medical expenses and the decline in the efficiency of work learning caused by the problems of sleep have become a public health problem of great concern to the developed countries. The quality of sleep is related not only to the health problems of various mental disorders, digestive ulceration, cardiovascular disease, and psychoactive substance abuse, but also to increase the risk of death and accidents. The high school stage is the key period of physical and mental development and maturity. As a special group, high school students are subject to the pressure of learning and living, and the problems of sleep disorder are especially prominent, and the problem of solving this problem is urgent. At the same time, the incidence of anxiety and depression in high school students is high, effective sleep quality, anxiety and depression are studied, and the influencing factors are discussed. It is of great practical significance to maintain the physical and mental health of high school students. Objective: To investigate the current situation of high school students' sleep quality and anxiety and depression, and to compare the characteristics and phases of sleep quality, anxiety and depression of high school students in urban and rural areas Methods: The standardized mental health rating scale, the self-rating scale (SDS), the anxiety self-rating scale (SAS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the self-proposed basic condition questionnaire were used as the basic unit in the urban and rural secondary schools. In the method of cluster sampling,1407 students from 12 classes in a middle school of Jinan and one middle school of Qufu are taken as the study object, and the sleep quality, anxiety, depression and the students' family, themselves and the study are carried out. The related factors of the school were investigated. The results were sorted and encoded, and the SPSS database was input. The SPSS13.0 statistical software was used for general descriptive analysis, t-test,1-2 test, Pearson line-related analysis and Spearman-level correlation analysis. Results:1407 high school students were investigated, and 1383 of the total effective questionnaires were collected. Among them,685 (49.5%) were in the city, and the rural areas were in rural areas. The rate of sleep disturbance in high school students was 14.61%, of which 14.01% and 15.19% in the rural areas. The total number of PSQI was 4.21-3.02, the city was 3.87-3.12, the rural area was 4.55-2.89, and the rural area was higher than that of the city. The actual sleep time is 4.15, the maximum value is 8.26, the average is 7.41-0.71, the average urban average is 7.34-1.56, the rural average is 7.47-0.93, There was no significant difference (P = 0.074). The overall rate of anxiety was 20.31%. The urban and rural areas were 27.30% and 13.47%, respectively. The difference was significant (P <0.001). The total anxiety was 42.33-9.37, and the city was 43.81-10.10. The village is 40.86 and 8.35, and the city is higher than the peasants The overall rate of depression was 37.02%, the urban and rural areas were 42.77%, 31.38%, the urban area was higher than that in the countryside, the chi-square test difference was very significant (P <0.001), and the depression standard was divided into 46.34-11.17 and the city of 47.86-12. 06. Rural 44.88-10.03, City The family factors that affect the sleep quality, anxiety and depression of the high school students have the parents' health status, the parent-child relationship, the parent-child relationship, the relationship between parents, the consistency of the education and the family. The study environment, the atmosphere of the family and so on (P <0.05 or P <0.01), among which, the rural high school students mainly have the health status of the father, the relationship between the parents, the family learning environment, the atmosphere around the family (P <0.05 or P <0.01), and the urban high school students mainly have their parents Health status, parent-to-parent relationship, well-being, and family The factors that affect the quality of sleep, anxiety and depression of high school students have health status, personality characteristics and study. (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Among them, rural high school students mainly have health status, academic achievement, physical exercise, adaptability, self-confidence, willpower (P <0.05 or P <0.01), high school students in urban areas The main health status, academic achievement, self-confidence (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The school atmosphere (P <0.05 or P <0.01), which is mainly the study burden, the completion of the operation, the time of study, the relationship between the students, the relationship between the teacher and the students and the school atmosphere (P <0. 05 or P <0.01); urban high school students mainly completion of the business Situation, school atmosphere, learning plan, learning burden (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion:1. High school The rate of sleep disorder, anxiety and depression is high, among which, the sleep disorder is higher than that of the city, and the anxiety and depression mood is higher than the rural area.2. The factors that affect the sleep quality, anxiety and depression of high school students are family factors, individual's own factors, and the related factors of the school. in that state of the parent and the parent-child, Department, Family Learning Environment, Personality, Physical Health
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R395.6

【引证文献】