天津市单亲中小学生心理健康状况调查及相关因素分析
发布时间:2019-06-17 18:33
【摘要】: 目的:社会经济发展以及开放社会中多元文化冲击,社会上出现了相当数量的单亲家庭。单亲家庭结构不完整,限制了其功能的发挥,容易对其子女成长产生影响。有文献报道:6-12岁儿童开始接受只与一方家长共同生活的事实并减少自责,但仍有被抛弃感,而且学业受到影响。12-18岁的青少年,遇到这种情况后,常有空虚、害怕、注意力涣散等焦虑情感的表现[1]。而天津市9-16岁的单亲中小学生的现状又是如何呢?本研究首次调查天津市单亲中小学生现状、他们的心理健康现状以及分析影响他们心理健康状况的相关因素。 方法:本研究于2009年5月5日至2009年10月16日采取问卷调查的方法对1800余名学生进行心理健康状况调查,这些学生是按照分层随机整群抽样的方法从天津市内六区12所中小学校合计36个班级内抽样出的。问卷调查的内容包括:学生一般情况调查、《心理健康诊断测验》(简称MHT量表)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)、自卑感量表(The Feelings of Inadequacy Scale,FIS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)(家长填写)。 结果:本次研究共收回有效问卷1522份,在1522份有效问卷中有165份单亲学生的问卷,占总体的10.8%。①和平区的单亲学生的比例最高为:12.85%;②单亲学生心理健康问题检出率与双亲学生检出率之比接近2:1,两者的差异有统计学意义(Z=4.21,P0.001);③单亲学生的MHT在对人焦虑、孤独倾向、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向六个方面以及总分方面的得分均明显高于双亲学生的得分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.03-4.81,P0.01)。在学习焦虑与自责倾向两个方面单亲学生的得分也高于双亲学生的得分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.53,P==0.01;t=2.21,P==0.03);④小学阶段单亲学生MHT在对人焦虑、孤独倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向方面以及总分方面的得分均明显高于双亲学生的得分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.68~3.56,P0.01)。小学阶段单亲学生学习焦虑、过敏倾向方面的得分也高于双亲学生的得分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.42,P=0.02;t=2.51,P=0.01);⑤初中阶段单亲学生MHT在总分方面的得分明显高于双亲学生的得分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.14,P=0.00)。初中阶段单亲学生在孤独倾向、自责倾向、过敏倾向、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向方面的得分高于双亲学生的得分,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.17-2.48,P0.05);⑥单亲男生在过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向方面以及总分方面的得分均明显高于双亲男生的得分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.85~3.78,P0.01)。单亲男生在学习焦虑、对人焦虑方面的得分也高于双亲男生的得分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.11,P=0.03;t=2.59,P=0.01);⑦单亲女生在总分方面的得分明显高于双亲女生的得分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.96,P=0.00)。单亲女生在孤独倾向、过敏倾向、身体症状和冲动倾向方面的得分也高于双亲女生的得分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.15~2.50,P0.05);⑧在学习焦虑方面,父母文化程度是大学组与是大专组的差异有统计学意义(P=0.04),在对人焦虑、自责倾向、过敏倾向方面,父母文化程度是大学组与是中专组的差异有统计学意义(p=0.02,P=0.00,P=0.00)。在恐怖倾向方面,父母文化程度是大学组与是中专组的差异有统计学意义(P=0.01),⑨在父亲惩罚严厉、过分干涉、拒绝否认和过度保护四个因子得分上,问题组和健康组的差异有统计学意义(t=-2.17~-4.04,P0.05)。在母亲过分干涉保护、拒绝否认和惩罚严厉三个因子得分上,问题组和健康组的差异也有统计学意义(t=-3.17~-3.85,P0.01);⑩经多元逐步回归分析,父亲的EMBU的拒绝否认对单亲学生的学习焦虑、对人焦虑、孤独、自责、过敏、身体症状、恐怖、冲动、自卑有正向预测作用(P0.01)。父亲的过度保护对单亲学生学习焦虑、自责倾向有正向预测作用(P0.05)。父亲的情感温暖对自卑有负向预测作用(P=0.007)。母亲拒绝否认对单亲学生学习焦虑、对人焦虑、孤独、自责、过敏有正向预测作用(P0.05)。母亲EMBU的惩罚严厉对过敏、身体症状、恐怖、冲动有正向预测作用(P0.05)。母亲过分干涉、保护对学习焦虑、对人焦虑有正向预测作用(P0.05)。母亲情感温暖对自卑有负向预测作用(P=0.000)。 结论:①随着年级的增高天津市单亲学生的比例有逐渐增加的趋势;②单亲学生心理健康问题多于双亲学生,具体表现在对人焦虑、孤独倾向、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向和自卑等方面;③单亲学生心理健康问题的产生与父母的低文化程度和父母的自身适应能力差有关;还与父亲拒绝否认、过度保护、母亲拒绝否认、惩罚严厉等教养方式有关。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the social and economic development and the multi-cultural impact in the open society, and a significant number of single-parent families appeared in the society. The structure of single-parent families is incomplete, the function of the single-parent families is limited, and their children's growth can be easily affected. Children in the age of 6 to 12 begin to accept the fact that they only live with one parent and to reduce self-blame, but still have a sense of abandonment and have an impact on their studies. The expression of anxiety, such as attention, and the like[1]. And what about the present situation of single and middle school students in Tianjin from 9 to 16 years? This study first investigated the status of single-parent primary and secondary school students in Tianjin, their mental health status and their related factors that influence their mental health. Methods: The mental health status of more than 1,800 students was investigated by a questionnaire survey from May 5,2009 to October 16,2009. The contents of the questionnaire include: the general survey of the students, the (the MHT scale), the Parental Rearing Pattern Evaluation Scale (EMBU), The Feelings of Inady Scale (FIS), and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) (parents Results: In this study,1522 questionnaires were collected, with 165 single-parent students in 1522 valid questionnaires, accounting for total The proportion of single-parent students in Heping District was 12.85%, the ratio of the positive rate of mental health of single-parent students to the positive rate of parent students was close to 2:1, the difference of the two was statistically significant (Z = 4.21, P0.001), and the MHT of single-parent students was in the sense of anxiety and loneliness. The scores of the tendency, the allergic tendency, the physical symptoms, the fear tendency, the impulse tendency and the total score were significantly higher than that of the parents, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 3.03-4.81 (P = 0.01). The scores of single-parent students in the two aspects of learning anxiety and self-blame tend to be higher than that of both parents (t = 2.53, P = = 0.01; t = 2.21, P = = 0.03); and the single-parent student MHT at the primary stage of the primary school is on the anxiety of the person, the tendency of the loneliness, the body, The scores of symptoms, the tendency of terror, the tendency of impulse and the total score were significantly higher than those of both parents (t = 2.68-3.56). (P = 0.02; t = 2.51, P = 0.01); The scores and differences of both parents were of statistical significance (t = 3.14, The score of single-parent students in junior middle school was higher than that of both parents in the tendency of loneliness, self-accusation, sensitivity, tendency of terror, and impulse tendency (t =-2.17-2.48, P0.05). The scores of symptoms, the tendency of terror, the tendency of impulse and the total score were significantly higher than that of both parents (t = 2.85-3.78). (P = 0.03; t = 2.59, P = 0.01); the scores of single-parent and single-parent girls were significantly higher than that of both parents (t = 2.96, P = 0.03; t = 2.59, P = 0.01). P = 0.00). The scores of single-parent girls in the tendency of loneliness, allergy, physical symptoms and impulse were also higher than that of both parents (t = 2.15-2.50, P0.05). In the aspect of learning anxiety, the degree of parental culture is the difference between the college group and the college group (P = 0.04), and the degree of parental culture is the difference between the college group and the secondary school group (p = 0.02, P = 0.00, P = 0.00). In the aspect of the tendency of terror, the degree of parental culture is the difference between the university group and the secondary school group (P = 0.01), and the difference between the problem group and the health group is of statistical significance (t =-2.17 ~-4.04) in the case of the father's punishment for severe, excessive interference, refusal to deny and overprotection of the four factors. The difference between the group and the health group was also significant (t =-3.17 ~-3.85, P0.01). The rejection of the father's EMBU denied the study of single-parent students. Anxiety, human anxiety, loneliness, self-blame, allergy, physical symptoms, terror, impulse, low self-esteem, and positive predictive function. (P0.01). The father's over-protection has a positive predictive effect on the learning anxiety and self-blame tendency of single-parent students. (P0.05). The father's emotional warmth has a negative predictive effect on the self-esteem (P = 0.007). The mother refused to deny the positive predictive role of anxiety, anxiety, loneliness, self-blame, and sensitivity to single-parent students. (P0.05). The mother EMBU's punishment is severe for allergy, physical symptoms, terror, and impulse. (P0.05). The mother's excessive interference, the protection of the study anxiety, the positive predictive effect on the human anxiety (P0.05). The mother's emotional warmth has a negative predictive effect on the self-esteem (P Conclusion: The proportion of single-parent students in Tianjin is increasing gradually with the increase of grade, and the mental health of single-parent students is more than that of both parents. On the other hand, the problem of the mental health of single-parent students is related to the low-cultural degree of the parents and the poor self-adaptive ability of the parents, but also with the father's refusal to deny, over-protect, the mother refuses to deny,
【学位授予单位】:天津医科大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2010
【分类号】:R395.1
本文编号:2501176
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the social and economic development and the multi-cultural impact in the open society, and a significant number of single-parent families appeared in the society. The structure of single-parent families is incomplete, the function of the single-parent families is limited, and their children's growth can be easily affected. Children in the age of 6 to 12 begin to accept the fact that they only live with one parent and to reduce self-blame, but still have a sense of abandonment and have an impact on their studies. The expression of anxiety, such as attention, and the like[1]. And what about the present situation of single and middle school students in Tianjin from 9 to 16 years? This study first investigated the status of single-parent primary and secondary school students in Tianjin, their mental health status and their related factors that influence their mental health. Methods: The mental health status of more than 1,800 students was investigated by a questionnaire survey from May 5,2009 to October 16,2009. The contents of the questionnaire include: the general survey of the students, the
【学位授予单位】:天津医科大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2010
【分类号】:R395.1
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 马丽;家庭环境、教养方式与单亲家庭高中生心理健康的关系研究[D];山东师范大学;2013年
,本文编号:2501176
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