基于桡动脉脉搏波的家用心血管功能参数检测系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-07-22 11:56

【摘要】：随着我国经济迅猛的发展和人们生活质量逐渐的提高,心血管疾病患者数量与日俱增。根据《中国心血管疾病报告》显示,心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率占各种疾病之首,已成为重大的公共卫生问题,在我国人口老龄化的趋势下,事态更加严峻。而传统的心血管功能参数检测仪主要分为两类:一类为检测功能全面的台机,但体积过大,价格偏高,需要专业人员操作;另一类虽然体积较小,价格低廉,操作简便,但检测功能单一,两者都存在较大的应用局限性。因此,设计一款体积微型化、操作简单化、价格低廉化、检测多样化的心血管功能参数检测设备,对预防和诊断心血管疾病具有重要的意义。首先,本文简要介绍了血流动力学、动脉弹性腔以及动脉脉搏波基础理论,分析了脉搏波的产生机制和传播特性。根据脉搏波信号的特点,阐述了脉搏波信号中去除噪声和干扰的常用方法,通过对脉搏波波形特征的分析,提出了一种基于改进型斜率阈值法来提取脉搏波波形的特征点,并给出了具体的实现过程。根据脉搏波波形各个特征点的生理病理信息并结合血压信息推算出十项心血管功能参数,最后详细分析心血管各个参数的含义和生理病理意义。其次,设计了家用心血管功能检测系统,系统硬件方面以ARM处理器STM32F407ZGT为核心,设计了电源管理模块、脉搏波采集模块、血压采集模块、数据存储模块、系统通信模块以及LCD显示模块,重点阐述了基于PVDF自主设计压电薄膜脉搏传感器的过程、系统电源模块的设计和噪声分析、去除脉搏波噪声和干扰的信号调理电路设计。系统软件方面首先介绍了系统总体功能架构,简要描述了 uC/OS-Ⅲ微型实时操作系统和STemWin图形界面,重点论述了脉搏波信号采集的过程、脉搏波波形特征点的提取以及血压测量的实现,并简单介绍了系统的操作和运行过程。最后,通过系统采集到的桡动脉脉搏波信号,对脉搏波波形特征点提取算法进行验证,实验结果表明,本文提出的脉搏波特征点提取算法具有实时性好、准确性高、计算量小等特点。通过与标准设备BX-CFTI-100心血管测试仪做对比实验,对家用心血管功能检测系统的重复性、稳定性、有效性和准确性进行验证,实验结果表明,本文设计的心血管功能参数检测系统重复性好,性能稳定,测量结果准确,能够较好的反应心血管健康状况,特别适用于家庭心血管疾病的预防和保健。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of people's quality of life, the number of cardiovascular disease patients is increasing. According to the China report on Cardiovascular Diseases, the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases are the first among all kinds of diseases, and they have become a major public health problem. Under the trend of aging population in China, the situation is even more serious. But the traditional cardiovascular function parameter detector is divided into two kinds: one is a machine with comprehensive testing function, but its volume is too large and the price is on the high side, so it needs professional operation; the other is small, cheap and easy to operate. But the detection function is single, both have the big application limitation. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a small volume, simple operation, low cost and a variety of cardiovascular function parameters detection equipment for the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Firstly, the basic theories of hemodynamics, arterial elastic cavity and arterial pulse wave are briefly introduced, and the mechanism and propagation characteristics of pulse wave are analyzed. According to the characteristics of pulse wave signal, the common methods of removing noise and interference in pulse wave signal are expounded. By analyzing the characteristics of pulse wave waveform, a method based on improved slope threshold method is proposed to extract the characteristic point of pulse wave waveform. The realization process is also given. According to the physiological and pathological information of every characteristic point of pulse wave and combining with the information of blood pressure, ten parameters of cardiovascular function were calculated. Finally, the meaning and physiological and pathological significance of each parameter of cardiovascular were analyzed in detail. Secondly, the domestic cardiovascular function detection system is designed. The hardware of the system is based on arm processor STM32F407ZGT. The power management module, pulse wave acquisition module, blood pressure acquisition module and data storage module are designed. The design of piezoelectric thin film pulse sensor based on PVDF, the design of system power supply module and noise analysis, and the design of signal conditioning circuit to remove pulse wave noise and interference are described in detail in the system communication module and LCD display module. In the aspect of system software, the overall function structure of the system is introduced, and the UC / OS- 鈪，

本文编号：2137390