初中生化学方程式前概念的探查及实践研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 21:06

本文关键词：初中生化学方程式前概念的探查及实践研究　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“前科学概念”(简称前概念)在教学中泛指学生在接受正式的科学教育之前,通过日常经验的积累、与他人的交往、媒体信息接收等途径,对将要学习的科学知识产生的独特的认识和见解。前概念对相关知识的学习会产生正迁移或负迁移。大量的科学研究与教学实践表明,学生在进行化学学习之前,对物质的性质、燃烧、化学反应、化学符号、原子与分子等知识已经形成自己的认识,即存在化学前概念。这些前概念也影响着学生化学的学习。论文在梳理文献的基础上,借鉴国内外相关研究成果,以建构主义等理论为指导,编制《初中生化学方程式前概念探查问卷》(含化学方程式前概念形成的影响因素调查),对初三学生化学方程式前概念进行调查,在问卷调查的基础上结合学生访谈得出如下结论:(1)对于化学方程式,学生持有丰富的个人认识,即存在化学方程式前概念,且学生的化学方程式前概念有的和科学概念相一致,有的则是错误的;(2)学生化学方程式前概念的形成受班级类型、其他学科的学习、课外阅读类型、相关化学知识掌握水平等因素影响。在问卷调查和学生访谈结果的基础上,制定《化学方程式教学设计》(两课时),进行教学实验研究。实验结果表明:在探清学生化学方程式前概念的基础上进行化学方程式的教学更加有效。
[Abstract]:The concept of pre scientific concept refers to students' unique understanding and understanding of scientific knowledge to be learned before they receive formal scientific education through daily experience accumulation, interaction with others and media information reception. The preconceptions have positive or negative transfer to the learning of related knowledge. A large number of scientific research and teaching practice show that students have formed their own understanding of material properties, combustion, chemical reaction, chemical symbols, atoms and molecules before carrying out chemical learning, that is, there is a pre chemical concept. These preconceptions also affect students' chemistry. This paper on the basis of analyzing literature, reference to the relevant research results at home and abroad, based on the constructivism theory, "compilation of junior high school students of chemical formula before the concept of exploration questionnaire" (investigation with chemical formula before the concept of formation factors), carries on the investigation to the students of chemical equations before the concept, based on a questionnaire survey according to the students' interviews to draw the following conclusion: (1) the chemical formula, the students hold rich personal understanding, namely the existence of chemical equation concepts before, consistent with the chemical equation before concept and some students and scientific concepts, some is wrong; (2) students before the formation of the concept of the chemical equation by class type and other subjects learning, extracurricular reading type, related chemical knowledge and other factors. On the basis of the questionnaire survey and the results of the students' interview, the chemical equation teaching design (two hours) was formulated and the teaching experiment was carried out. The experimental results show that the teaching of chemical equations is more effective on the basis of the concept of the students' chemical equation.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8

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