高中物理教材例题习题编制比较及其调查研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 00:10

本文关键词：高中物理教材例题习题编制比较及其调查研究　出处：《河南师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：例题习题是教材的重要组成部分,是实现教学目标的有效途径。因此,对教材例题习题编制与使用情况的研究具有重要的意义和价值。本文选择人教版高中《物理》教材和美国高中《物理:原理与问题》教材中“电磁学”章节的例题习题进行比较研究,和对人教版高中物理教材例题习题的使用情况进行调查研究。研究内容包括:研究一,从表层特征和综合难度两个维度比较中美高中物理教材例题习题的编制情况,其中表层特征包括栏目、数量、题型、插图、背景、解答模式,综合难度包括目标层次、知识含量、推理水平、运算水平四个因素;研究二,从使用、评价、建议三个维度调查人教版高中物理教材例题习题的使用情况。通过文本比较研究和问卷调查研究,得出以下主要结论:(1)章节特征:在“电磁学”章节,人教版教材章节划分比美国教材详细具体,每一章包含的小节数量较多。(2)例题特征:(1)中美教材都在重点知识后配置例题,但数量较少,以计算题为主;(2)在插图上,人教版教材例题含有较多的题干模型图,美国教材例题含有较多的解答示意图。(3)在背景上,人教版教材例题含“科技应用”背景的较多,美国教材例题以“纯知识”背景为主。(4)在解答模式上,人教版教材例题重视分析解题思路,整体文字表述较多;美国教材例题的解答模式非常固定,解答步骤清晰完整,在例题后紧跟考点相近的“练一练”习题栏目。(5)在综合难度上,中美教材例题目标多数处于“理解”和“应用”层次,人教版教材例题的“知识含量”和“推理水平”较高,“运算水平”较低。整体上,人教版教材例题的综合难度高于美国教材。(3)习题特征:(1)在栏目与数量上,人教版教材习题栏目比较单一,没有章末习题,平均每节约有6道习题;美国教材习题栏目比较丰富,在节中、节后、章末都有习题,平均每节约有16道习题,但其习题对相同知识点的重复考查较多,习题不够精简。(2)在题型上,中美教材习题题型都比较丰富,仍以计算题和简答题为主;(3)在插图上,人教版教材习题插图数量较多,以示意图为主;美国教材习题插图较少,以模型图为主。(4)在背景上,人教版教材习题含“科技应用”背景的较多,美国教材习题含“实验情境”背景的较多,但都以“纯知识”习题为主。(5)在综合难度上,中美教材习题目标多数处于“理解”层次,人教版教材习题的“知识含量”、“推理水平”及“运算水平”均较高,故人教版教材习题的综合难度较高。(4)调查结果:(1)使用情况:师生对例题使用较多,对习题使用较少,其主要原因是有其他练习资料;师生通常是课堂讲解例题、课下使用习题。(2)评价情况:数量上,教师认为习题数量偏少,学生认为适中;题型上,师生都认为习题题型不够丰富,与考试题型差异较大;难度上,教师认为例题较容易,学生认为难度适中;师生都认为习题较容易;作用上,师生都认为例题习题能够巩固新知和反馈教学效果,较难提高应试能力和较难进行情感态度与价值观教育。(3)建议:插图上,丰富例题习题插图的配置;背景上,增加贴近生活和科技应用类的背景;特征上,增加例题习题的综合性、趣味性和实践性;组成上,增加章末习题和参考答案。
[Abstract]:Examples and exercises is an important part of teaching, is an effective way to achieve the goal of teaching. Therefore, the research on the textbook examples and exercises, preparation and usage has important meaning and value. This paper chooses the PEP high school physics textbook < > and < American high school physics: principle and problems in the teaching of "electromagnetism" > chapter examples exercise a comparative study, research and application situation of senior high school physics textbook examples and exercises. The research contents include: the study, from the preparation of the two dimensions of surface features and comprehensive difficulty comparison between Chinese and American high school physics textbook examples of exercises, including surface features including columns, number, type, illustration, background. Answer mode, comprehensive difficulty includes target hierarchy, knowledge content, reasoning level, operation level of the four factors; two, from the three dimensions of evaluation, suggestions, investigation of PEP high school physics The use of the textbook examples and exercises. Through comparative research on text and questionnaire, the main conclusions are as follows: (1 chapters) features: in the "electromagnetism" section, textbook chapters than American textbooks in detail, each chapter contains a section number. (2) example features: (1) China teaching materials are in a key knowledge configuration examples, but less in quantity, to calculate the questions; (2) in the illustrations, examples contain more pep stem model, American textbook examples contain more answer diagram. (3) in the background, including examples of "science and technology application background edition people teach more, American textbook examples with" pure knowledge "background. (4) in the solution mode, attach importance to the analysis of examples of problem-solving ideas PEP, whole words more; American textbook example solutions model is fixed, clear and complete solution step, in case Immediately after the test questions similar to the "practice" exercises section. (5) in the comprehensive difficulty, Sino US most in the example teaching target of "understanding" and "application level", textbook examples of "knowledge content" and "reasoning level" high "level of operation" on the whole is low. The difficulty, comprehensive textbook examples. (3) higher than that of American textbook exercises: (1) characteristics in column and quantity, textbook exercises section is single, not the end of the chapter exercises, the average saving 6 exercises; American textbook exercises section is rich in the festival, a festival, all the exercises at the end of the chapter, the average saving of 16 exercises, but the exercise on the same knowledge of repeated examination more, exercise is simple. (2) in the topic, American textbook exercises questions are relatively abundant, is to calculate the questions and short answer questions; (3) in the illustrations, PEP illustration of the number of exercises More to diagram; the United States exercises fewer illustrations, to model diagram. (4) in the background, with "technology application" exercises background of PEP is more, the materials containing "experiment situation background more, but with" pure knowledge "exercises for the Lord. (5) in comprehensive difficulty, Chinese textbook exercises in the majority of the target of" understanding "level, textbook exercises" knowledge content "," reasoning level "and" operation level is higher, so high comprehensive difficulty textbook exercises. (4) the results of the survey: (1) the use of teachers for more examples, exercises to use less, the main reason is that there are other exercises; students usually use classroom examples, exercises. (2) evaluation: the number of exercises, teachers think that the number of less than normal, students think proper; questions, teachers and students are not considered types of exercises Rich enough, with the larger exam difference; difficulty, teachers think that the example is easy, students think that teachers and students of moderate difficulty; exercise more easily; the role of teachers and students are able to think, examples and exercises to consolidate the new knowledge and feedback of teaching effect, to improve the ability of test and difficult emotional attitude and value education. (3): illustrations, rich examples and exercises illustration configuration; background, close to life and increase the application of science and technology class background; features, comprehensive examples and exercises, interesting and practical; composition, increase at the end of the chapter exercises and reference answers.

【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.7

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