美国联邦政府基础教育政策发展研究（1993-2009）

发布时间：2018-03-03 08:17

本文选题：克林顿政府　切入点：小布什政府　出处：《南京师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代以来,教育在国际竞争和经济发展中的作用越发重要,各国均将教育置于战略发展的高度,纷纷制定教育政策,推行教育改革,基础教育更是其重点。我国也紧跟世界潮流,不断进行基础教育改革,在取得成绩的同时,基础教育政策制定与落实方面也存在许多不尽人意的地方,直接影响了我国基础教育的发展。而美国联邦政府在这一方面发展较早,在克林顿和小布什政府时期,更是取得了突出的成绩。其将基础教育置于优先发展地位,克服党派政见差异,发挥社会力量,在不同的社会历史背景下,紧紧围绕公平与优异两方面对基础教育政策进行调整、修改与完善,使得美国基础教育政策具有连贯性和互补性,从而保证美国基础教育进行持续深入地改革,促使教育水平大幅度提高。通过对1993-2009年间美国联邦政府基础教育政策进行论述和研究,以兹为我国基础教育发展提供有益借鉴。文章共分为五大部分：第一部分探讨了克林顿政府时期基础教育政策出台的历史背景,重点解析了基础教育政策的具体内容、实践措施及其意义。第二部分论述了小布什政府时期基础教育政策出台的时代背景和主要内容,着重分析了NCLB法案的出台、内容、实施与问题。第三部分对上述两届政府基础教育政策内容和实践措施进行了分析和比较,认为尽管党派和政治理念不同,但两者在改革基础教育、解决基础教育问题和实现美国基础教育目标方面存在着一致性。他们确定了国家教育标准,倡导绩效责任,促进学校改革,重视基础教育质量的提高,同时关注教育公平,补助处境不利学生群体,确保所有儿童都能够享受优质教育。第四部分对美国联邦政府基础教育政策的实施情况进行了综合论述和评价。在两届政府的努力下,美国联邦政府基础教育政策对美国基础教育改革实践和基础教育发展进程发挥了重要的作用,取得了显著的成效。但由于一些因素的制约,美国基础教育政策的实施仍然存在许多困境和挑战。第五部分纵观美国联邦政府基础教育政策的发展历程和实施成效,结合我国基础教育存在的问题和政策实施特点,阐明美国基础教育政策对我国基础教育发展的启示作用。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, the role of education in international competition and economic development has become more and more important. Basic education is even more important. Our country also keeps up with the world trend and continues to carry out basic education reform. At the same time, there are many unsatisfactory aspects in the formulation and implementation of basic education policies. It has a direct impact on the development of basic education in our country. The United States Federal Government developed earlier in this respect, and during the Clinton and Bush administrations, it made outstanding achievements. It gave priority to the development of basic education. To overcome the political differences among parties, to bring social forces into play, and to adjust, revise and perfect the basic education policy closely around the two aspects of fairness and excellence in different social and historical backgrounds. The policy of basic education in the United States is consistent and complementary, so as to ensure that the basic education in the United States is continuously and deeply reformed. Through the discussion and research on the basic education policy of the United States Federal Government during the period 1993-2009, The article is divided into five parts: the first part discusses the historical background of the basic education policy during the Clinton administration, focusing on the analysis of the specific content of the basic education policy. The second part discusses the background and main contents of the basic education policy in the Bush administration, and emphatically analyzes the introduction and content of the NCLB Act. The third part analyzes and compares the contents and practical measures of the above two governments' basic education policies and measures, and points out that although the parties and political ideas are different, the two governments are reforming basic education. There is consistency in solving basic education problems and achieving basic education goals in the United States. They define national education standards, advocate accountability for performance, promote school reform, focus on improving the quality of basic education, and pay attention to education equity. Subsidizing disadvantaged groups of students and ensuring that all children have access to quality education. Part 4th provides a comprehensive account and evaluation of the implementation of the basic education policy of the United States Federal Government. The basic education policy of the United States Federal Government has played an important role in the practice of basic education reform and the development of basic education in the United States, and has achieved remarkable results. However, due to the constraints of some factors, There are still many difficulties and challenges in the implementation of the basic education policy of the United States. 5th part of the review of the development of the basic education policy of the United States federal government and implementation results, combined with the problems and policy implementation characteristics of basic education in China. This paper expounds the enlightening effect of American basic education policy on the development of our country's basic education.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G639.712

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