在中学物理教学中对学生“错误体验”的设计研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 21:30

本文选题：错误体验　切入点：正确体验　出处：《四川师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在科学的海洋中,事物总是相对存在的,有好就有坏、有正就有反、有对就有错。在物理教学中,尤其是物理学习中,“正确”“错误”更是无处不在,中学生在学习物理的过程中势必亲身经历、实践各种各样的“正确体验”与“错误体验”。“错误体验”指的是:导致学生得到与所学知识、原理、规律相矛盾的,不符合实际的错误观点、结论、方法等的亲身观察、实践等经历过程。反之,“正确体验”则是指:在学习中,导致学生得到与所学知识、原理、规律相符合的,切合实际的正确观点、结论、方法等的亲身观察、实践等经历过程。而目前,人们对于学生在物理学习中的“错误体验”的认识大多还尚不够全面,大多只见“错误体验”对学生物理学习所带来的负面影响。不少教师在物理教学中面对“错误体验”的态度很多时候也是嫌弃和躲避。然而,学生在物理学习中所经历的“错误体验”其实也并没有我们所认识的那么不堪,反而“错误体验”对于中学物理教学来说,它还有许多的可取之处,比如,加深学生对知识的理解、暴露潜在错误概念并消灭它、有效减小相同错误重犯的概率等等。本文则就通过调查法、观察法、文献研究、实证研究等方法对“错误体验”及其应用进行探究,进而以“错误体验”对学生物理学习的影响和研究如何在教学中灵活设计学生“错误体验”为本文的两大重点研究内容。对中学物理概念、规律教学、探究实验教学、习题教学设计学生的“错误体验”提出了一些技巧和方法,挖掘“错误体验”的教学价值。使中学物理在教学方式上更加多样化,也期望能对从事物理教学的中学老师给予一些设计“错误体验”方法的参考。
[Abstract]:In the ocean of science, things are always relative, good and bad, positive and negative, right and wrong. In physics teaching, especially in physics learning, "right" and "wrong" are everywhere. In the process of learning physics, middle school students are bound to experience in person, and practice various "correct experiences" and "wrong experiences". "wrong experience" means that the students get contradictory with the knowledge, principles and laws they have learned. In contrast, "correct experience" means that, in the course of study, students get the same knowledge, principles and rules as they have learned, and the experience is not in accordance with the actual mistakes, conclusions, methods, etc., such as personal observation, practice, etc., in contrast, "correct experience" means that in the course of learning, the students get the right experience. Practical and correct points of view, conclusions, methods, etc., such as personal observation, practice, etc. At present, people's understanding of students'"wrong experience" in physics learning is still not comprehensive enough. Most of them only see the negative impact of "wrong experience" on students' physics learning. Many teachers' attitude towards "wrong experience" in physics teaching is often rejected and avoided. However, In fact, the "wrong experience" experienced by students in physics learning is not as bad as we know it. On the contrary, "wrong experience" has many advantages for physics teaching in middle schools. For example, Deepening students' understanding of knowledge, exposing the concept of potential error and eliminating it, effectively reducing the probability of repetition of the same mistake, etc. Empirical research and other methods to explore the "error experience" and its application, Then, this paper focuses on the influence of "wrong experience" on students' physics learning and how to design students'"error experience" flexibly in teaching. The "wrong experience" of students in exercise teaching design puts forward some skills and methods, excavates the teaching value of "wrong experience", and makes physics in middle school more diversified in teaching methods. It is also expected to provide some reference for middle school teachers engaged in physics teaching in designing "wrong experience" methods.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.7

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