基于高一学生前置测试的地理教学策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 02:18

本文选题：高一地理　切入点：前置测试　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“以学生发展为本”是上海中小学课程的基本理念,倡导学生是学习的主体,关注学生的已有经验和兴趣爱好、个性特长等发展特点。高一新生由初中进入高中,面对环境的变化,学习要求的提高往往不知所措。经过调查发现一部分同学最初接触高中地理时是感兴趣的,但是随着学习的深入,进程的加快,慢慢的学习节奏跟不上,对待地理的热情逐渐退去。那么,确定高一地理教学目标,了解学生的知识基础和已有经验等有的放矢的教学是必要的。如何测验学生的知识基础,估测学生离教学目标达成的距离,探索影响学生地理学习的因素成为了摆在地理教师面前的重要课题。本文以对“高一学生地理前置测试”统计与分析为基础,运用问卷调查法和数理统计法,对学生的知识基础、现有水平,影响地理学习因素进行探查与研究。从而提出基于高一学生地理前置测试分析的地理教学策略。本论文共有六个部分,简单介绍如下:第一部分绪论。主要包括研究背景、国内外教学策略和前置测试研究现状、研究目的和研究意义、研究方法;第二部分理论基础。主要是与本论文相关的建构主义学习理论、经典测验理论、考试评价概论、布鲁姆教育目标分类理论、教育统计学。第三部分主要是对前置测试工具的分析。包括2016年上海市地理合格考试卷的内容结构、测量目标结构、分数结构等。第四部分通过对高一地理前置测试数据的统计与分析得出以下结论:(1)考查地理一般能力试题正确率高于测试地理特殊能力的试题;(2)与事实性知识相比地理原理性知识得分率普遍偏低;(3)不同层次学校前置测试成绩差异明显;(4)性别与前置测试成绩无显著相关性,兴趣与前置测试成绩有显著相关性。第五部分是根据数据分析的结论,提出了相应的教学策略。(1)多方面衔接初高中教学;(2)针对不同层次学校学生,采取因材施教的教学策略;(3)注重原理性知识的地理教学;(4)注重培养学生的地理学习兴趣。第六部分是研究的结论与展望。主要包括研究的结论总结及不足与展望。
[Abstract]:"student-oriented" is the basic idea of Shanghai primary and secondary school curriculum, advocating that students are the main body of learning, paying attention to the development characteristics of students' existing experience and interests, personality, and so on. High school freshmen enter high school from junior high school. In the face of changes in the environment, the improvement of learning requirements is often at a loss. After investigation, it was found that some of the students were interested when they first came into contact with high school geography, but with the deepening of the study and the acceleration of the process, the slow pace of study could not keep up. The enthusiasm for geography gradually wanes. So, it is necessary to determine the teaching goal of geography in Senior one, to understand the students' knowledge base and to know the target teaching of the students' experience. How to test the students' knowledge base? Estimating the distance between the students and the teaching goal and exploring the factors that affect the students' geography learning have become an important subject in front of geography teachers. This paper is based on the statistics and analysis of "Senior one students' Geography Pretest". By means of questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics, the present level of students' knowledge is analyzed. This paper consists of six parts, which are as follows: the first part is the introduction. The present situation of teaching strategy and pre-test research at home and abroad, the purpose and significance of the research, the research method, the second part of the theoretical basis. The main related to this paper is the constructivism learning theory, classical test theory, test evaluation introduction, The third part is mainly about the analysis of pre-test tools, including the content structure of Shanghai Geography pass examination paper in 2016, and the measuring target structure. In the 4th part, through the statistics and analysis of the geographical pretest data in the first year of senior high school, the following conclusions are drawn:) the correct rate of the general geographical competence test is higher than that of the special geographical competence test) and the factual knowledge is the same as that of the factual knowledge. There was no significant correlation between gender and pre-test scores. There is a significant correlation between interest and pre-test results. Part 5th is based on the conclusion of data analysis, and puts forward the corresponding teaching strategy. Adopting teaching strategy of teaching students according to their aptitude 3) paying attention to the geography teaching of the principle knowledge. 6th part is the conclusion and prospect of the research, including the conclusion summary, deficiency and prospect of the research.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.55

【参考文献】