中学生数学逆向思维能力的调查与教学策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 16:25

本文选题：中学数学　切入点：数学逆向思维　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的高速发展,创新能力越来越成为体现一个人能力的重要因素。创新能力首先要求有创新思维,而逆向思维作为创新思维的一个重要组成部分,对社会的发展起到了重要的作用。中学时期是学生思维养成的重要阶段,在中学数学教学中有意识地培养学生的数学逆向思维能力不仅能够提高学生学习数学的能力,更有利于其创新能力的发展。本文首先介绍了思维、数学思维的概念,以及逆向思维的概念与特征,接着对数学逆向思维做了论述。通过对山东省德州市部分初中学生的逆向思维能力现状进行调查,对测试结果进行量化与质性分析,归纳总结出初中生应用数学逆向思维进行解题时存在的诸多问题。根据调查分析结果,总结出了学生数学逆向思维能力现状,以及学生运用数学逆向思维进行解题时存在的问题。综合以上定量分析与定性分析的结论,总结得到影响初中生数学逆向思维能力的几个方面的因素:教师的教学观与能力;教学组织形式;学生对知识的掌握程度;学生的思维品质。然后结合数学学科教学实际,提出了从教师自身与教学两个方面培养中学生数学逆向思维能力的教学建议。教师要从转变教学观念、充分钻研教材、增强培养学生逆向思维的意识等几个放面提高自身素质。在教学过程中通过设疑,引导学生积极思考;引导学生自主探究知识本质;在解题教学中进行逆向变式训练等方法有意识地培养学生的逆向思维能力。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society, innovative ability has become an important factor to reflect a person's ability. Innovation ability requires creative thinking, and reverse thinking is an important part of innovative thinking. It plays an important role in the development of society. The middle school period is an important stage for students to cultivate their thinking. In the middle school mathematics teaching, it is not only possible to improve the students' ability of learning mathematics, but also to cultivate the students' ability of thinking in the opposite direction of mathematics. This paper first introduces the concept of thinking, mathematical thinking, and the concept and characteristics of reverse thinking. Through the investigation of the present situation of the students' ability of reverse thinking in some junior middle schools in Dezhou City of Shandong Province, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the test results is carried out. This paper sums up many problems existing in junior high school students' application of reverse thinking in mathematics to solve problems. According to the results of investigation and analysis, the present situation of students' ability of reverse thinking in mathematics is summarized. And the problems existing when students use reverse thinking to solve problems. Synthesizing the conclusions of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis above, the author summarizes the factors that affect the ability of mathematics reverse thinking of junior high school students: teachers' teaching view and ability; The form of teaching organization, the degree of students' mastery of knowledge, the quality of students' thinking. This paper puts forward some teaching suggestions on how to cultivate the students' ability of reverse thinking in mathematics from the two aspects of teachers themselves and teaching. Strengthen the consciousness of cultivating students' reverse thinking and improve their own quality. In the process of teaching, we can guide students to think actively, guide students to explore the essence of knowledge independently. In the teaching of problem-solving, the methods of reverse variant training are used to cultivate students' ability of reverse thinking.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6

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