在农村初中指导学生实施物理小实验的研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 15:25

本文选题：初中物理 + 农村初中　；参考：《山东师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：实验为物理教学的重要构成,它具有引发学习动机,为学习供给探究情境及真实情景,将符号化知识具体化以及让学生学会一定探究方法,使学生实现优良学习作风的功能。本文以物理课程标准为导向,以本地区的物理教育现实情况为根本,联系自身的实践经历,结合相关的教育理论,对实施小实验在初中物理教学的可行性和作用进行论证性。农村地区由于经济条件的落后,使得农村初中的物质设施较为薄弱,实验设备比较贫乏,而合理充分地实施小实验教学不仅可以弥补经济条件落后带来的不足,还能在促使学生均衡发展上取得较好的效果。实践表明,实施小实验有其切实必要性和独特优点。结合农村学校的实际情况,系统地阐述了实施小实验的原则、策略、注意问题等,并详细介绍若干有针对性的案例。希望依据对本文的研究,对物理教学提供有益的借鉴和参考。物理小实验,取材于日常生活用品,以生活中的普遍现象为研究对象,从中探究发现物理规律,体会物理规律物理知识在社会实践中的应用和方法。学生将生活生产和物理知识更好地联系起来,物理小实验的开展成为培养学生动手实践和独立思考的有效的方法。从我市的物理教学实际情况以及实验配备来看,进行和开展物理小实验的知识理论方面的研究与实践探索都有其必要性和必须性。本文首先介绍了课题涵义,并在国内外研究成果基础上确立探索的背景和发展方向,其次通过问卷调查及个人访谈等方法阐述农村初中物理教学现存的实际情形及问题并论证了小实验在物理学科中的必要性,然后分别从教育理论和实施的原则策略等方面论述物理小实验的独特优势和注意的问题,选取了作者在小实验方向上实践探索的几个典型案例一一分析,为今后的实践探索总结成果及不足。本文共分为六章,分别是:第一章是论文的研究背景。针对目前素质教育发展的新形势以及农村初中特殊情况,阐述了国际国内物理小实验的发展概况,结合初中物理课程标准提出本研究的探究目的和方向。第二章为农村初中物理教学的现存状况及存在弊端。通过对农村初中物理教学实际情况的分析,借助问卷调查分别对教师和学生实施调查,一一分析调查结果,并结合丰富的案例得出物理小实验的可行性和必要性。第三章为物理小实验的理论研究。依据动机理论、建构主义学习理论以及认知发现理论的观点,对小实验深入剖析,得出物理小实验在实际教学中的作用。第四章是指导学生实施物理小实验的教学设计。结合作者自身教学实践,详细阐述了物理小实验的开发途径、实施原则、开展策略和实施过程中应考虑的因素。第五章是指导学生实施物理小实验的实践探索。凭借对若干典型案例的展示,细致的分析了小实验在引发学生学习兴趣、帮助学生理解新知识、培养学生动手实践能力和小组合作能力及探究应用能力等发面的作用。第六章是本文的反思和总结。
[Abstract]:The important constitute of physics teaching, it has caused the learning motivation, learning to supply inquiry situations and real scenarios, the symbolic knowledge and let students learn some specific research methods, to enable students to achieve good learning style. The function of physics curriculum standard oriented to the reality of physics education in this area is fundamental, with their own practical experience, combined with the related theory of education, demonstration of the feasibility and effects of small experiments in Physics Teaching in junior middle school in rural areas. Due to the economic conditions of the backward rural junior high school physical facilities is relatively weak, the experimental equipment is relatively poor, and the rational and full implementation of small experimental teaching can not only make up for the lack of economic behind the condition brings, can achieve good results in the balanced development of the students. The practice shows that the implementation of a small experiment has its practical necessity and Unique advantages. According to the actual situation of rural schools, systematically elaborated the implementation of experiment principles, strategies, and attention problems, and introduces some practical cases. Hope the research basis, provide a useful reference for physics teaching. Physical experiment, based on the daily necessities. As a common phenomenon in life as the research object, exploring the laws of physics in the application experience and method of physical laws of physics knowledge in social practice. Students will live together production and better knowledge of physics, physical experiment has become the effective method of cultivating students' hands-on practice and independent thinking. From with the actual situation of our city and the teaching of physics experiments, and carry out small experimental physics knowledge theory research and practice has its necessity and necessity. This article first introduced The research meaning and research results at home and abroad on the basis of the establishment background and development direction of exploration, followed by the method of questionnaire survey and individual interview and so on the actual situation and existing problems of rural junior high school physics teaching, and demonstrate the necessity of physics in a small experiment, and then from the theory of education and the implementation of the principle of strategy aspects of physics experiments are the unique advantages and problems, the author selects several typical cases in the practice of small experiments on the direction of 11 analysis for future practice summary of the achievements and deficiencies. This paper is divided into six chapters, respectively is: the first chapter is the research background of this thesis. According to the current situation of the development of quality the rural junior middle school education and the special situation, expounds the development of domestic and international physics experiments, this study proposes to explore and combine the junior middle school physics curriculum standard To the present situation. The second chapter is the rural junior high school physics teaching and disadvantages. Based on the analysis of the actual situation of rural junior high school physics teaching, by means of questionnaire survey were performed on teachers and students, one by one analysis of the survey results, the feasibility and necessity of combining with abundant case physical experiment. The third chapter is the theoretical research little physics experiments. On the basis of motivation theory, constructivist learning theory and cognitive discovery theory, in-depth analysis of the small experiment, found little physics experiments in actual teaching. The fourth chapter is the design of teaching to guide students to implement physical experiment. Combined with the author's own teaching practice, this paper expounds the development ways of physics small experiment implementation principle, carry out strategies and factors that should be considered in the process of implementation. The fifth chapter is to explore the practice of small experimental physics teaching students. By virtue of some code Case presentation, detailed analysis of the experimental study interest in students, to help students understand the new knowledge, to develop students' practical ability and team cooperation ability and application ability etc. The sixth chapter is the summary and reflection.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.7

【参考文献】