高中生英语词汇习得中的母语负迁移现象研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 23:29

本文选题：负迁移 + 词汇学习　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：英国语学家Wilkins(1972)曾经写到“一个人没有语法知识可以传达的信息非常有限,然而没有词汇他什么也表达不了”。词汇在英语学习中起着决定性的作用。在英语教学与学习的过程中,教师会花很多时间给学生介绍大量的单词,学生也会在单词和短语的背诵或词汇的机械练习上投入大量的精力。然而尽管他们付出了极大的努力,词汇学习的效果并不理想。因此笔者想要探究这种现象背后的原因是什么?基于对比分析理论,错误分析理论和中介语理论,笔者做了一个关于词汇迁移错误的研究,目的是调查母语负迁移怎样并在何种程度上影响高中生的词汇学习。本研究主要针对以下问题：第一,高中生词汇学习过程中的主要障碍是什么?第二,受母语负迁移的影响,高中生词汇学习中常见的错误有哪些?哪类词汇错误出现的频率最高?第三,母语负迁移造成的词汇错误出现的原因是什么?本课题是抽取东莞市第七高级中学的高一四个班共100人为研究对象。研究运用了命题作文、问卷调查及访谈的方法。研究者先要求学生按规定的话题完成一篇作文,最后收集到96篇有效样本用于之后的错误分析。本文对作文中出现的词汇错误做了详细的归类与分析。完成写作任务之后对被试进行了问卷调查与访谈以探究词汇负迁移错误产生的原因。写作与问卷的数据将采用SPSS.16进行分析。根据数据分析的结果本研究得出以下结论：第一,学生的错误主要分为两大类：语内错误和语间错误。其中由于汉语负迁移造成的语间错误占总数的61.7%。也就是说负迁移是高中生词汇学习的主要障碍。第二,母语负迁移造成了四类词汇错误：词语意义错误,词性错误,搭配错误和词法错误,它们又可以进一步划分成11类常见的负迁移词汇错误。第三,汉语负迁移对词性的误用表现最为明显。动词与名词的搭配错误出现的最为频繁。第四,导致词汇负迁移错误的原因有：文化差异、对英汉词汇的差异认识有限、不科学的词汇学习方法以及单一的词汇教授方式。最后,基于研究结果,笔者针对高中英语词汇教学与学习提出了一些建议。学生应该在具体的语境中记忆和使用单词。教师应该认识到教授中英词汇差别的重要性并加强英语词汇搭配的学习。这样学生才能克服母语负迁移的影响,为英语学习打下坚实的语言基础。
[Abstract]:The English linguist Wilkins Sen (1972) once wrote that "A man without grammatical knowledge can convey very limited information, but without vocabulary he can express nothing."Vocabulary plays a decisive role in English learning.In the process of English teaching and learning, teachers will spend a lot of time introducing a large number of words to students, and students will also put a lot of energy into reciting words and phrases or mechanical practice of vocabulary.However, despite their great efforts, vocabulary learning is not satisfactory.So what is the reason behind this phenomenon?Based on contrastive analysis theory, error analysis theory and interlanguage theory, the author makes a study on vocabulary transfer errors. The purpose of this study is to investigate how and to what extent the negative transfer of mother tongue affects senior high school students' vocabulary learning.This study focuses on the following questions: first, what are the main obstacles in the vocabulary learning process of senior high school students?Second, under the influence of negative transfer of mother tongue, what are the common mistakes in vocabulary learning of senior high school students?Which types of vocabulary errors occur most frequently?Third, what is the cause of vocabulary errors caused by negative transfer of mother tongue?This subject is to select a total of 100 students in the first four classes of the seventh senior middle school in Dongguan.The study uses the method of propositional composition, questionnaire and interview.The students were asked to complete a composition on a given topic, and 96 valid samples were collected for later error analysis.This paper makes a detailed classification and analysis of the lexical errors in the composition.After completing the writing task, the subjects were surveyed and interviewed to explore the causes of the negative transfer errors.The writing and questionnaire data will be analyzed using SPSS.16.According to the results of data analysis, this study draws the following conclusions: first, students' errors are divided into two main categories: intralingual errors and interlingual errors.Among them, 61.7% of the total is caused by negative transfer of Chinese.In other words, negative transfer is the main obstacle to vocabulary learning of high school students.Secondly, negative transfer of mother tongue leads to four kinds of lexical errors: lexical errors, lexical errors, collocation errors and lexical errors, which can be further divided into 11 common negative transfer lexical errors.Thirdly, negative transfer of Chinese is the most obvious misuse of part of speech.Verb and noun collocation errors occur most frequently.Fourth, the reasons for the negative transfer of vocabulary are: cultural differences, limited understanding of English and Chinese vocabulary differences, unscientific vocabulary learning methods and a single vocabulary teaching method.Finally, based on the results of the study, the author puts forward some suggestions for English vocabulary teaching and learning in senior high school.Students should remember and use words in specific contexts.Teachers should recognize the importance of teaching Chinese and English vocabulary differences and strengthen the study of English vocabulary collocations.Only in this way can students overcome the negative transfer of their mother tongue and lay a solid language foundation for English learning.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.41

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