中共解放区中小学历史教科书研究（1945-1949）

发布时间：2018-04-23 14:09

本文选题：中国共产党 + 解放区　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着抗日战争及世界反法西斯战争的胜利,国内国际形势发生了深刻改变,中日民族矛盾不再是中国社会的主要矛盾,和平建国成为当时中国的首要任务。但是,建立一个什么样的“新国家”,社会各界人士有着不同看法。中国国民党与中国共产党作为当时最有实力的两大政党,为实现各自的建国理念,在许多方面进行着较量。通过政治宣传来获得普通民众的支持是其中的重要方式之一。历史教科书不仅能够传承人类历史知识,而且可以传达特定的政治意识。解放区战争时期,随着战争形势的不断发展,解放区范围也随之不断扩大,新建立的中小学数量也不断增多。中小学生作为未来建设“新中国”不可或缺的中坚力量,对其进行政治宣传,让其接受中国共产党的建国理念并促使其在未来的“新社会”努力奋斗,成为一件十分迫切与重要的事情。这一时期,中国共产党为达此目的,积极将其建国理念融入到解放区中小学历史教科书中。纵观解放区中小学历史教科书不难发现,在编辑理念上,这些教科书充分渗透唯物史观,包括社会形态划分、阶级斗争、民族观、国家观等相关理论,并注重对毛泽东思想的宣传,包括革命军事理念、新民主主义革命理论等。在编辑内容上,教科书文字表述注意遵循反帝反封建原则与教育为战争服务原则;内容侧重对中国革命史的描述,特别是对中国近代革命史的描述,在对中国近代革命史的描述中,尤其突出对中国共产党革命功绩的书写;此外,教科书以突显“人民群众”在历史中的作用作为价值导向,即以是否符合“人民群众”的利益、是否获得“人民群众”的支持作为评判历史事件与人物的标准。这些都在一定程度上蕴含了中国共产党的建国理念。换句话说,解放区中小学历史教科书内容包含了对未来“新国家”、“新社会”的某种意识建构与想象。解放区中小学历史教科书对于“新国家”的建构,不仅对中国共产党的建国事业有积极意义,对现今历史教科书如何更好地渗透唯物史观、爱国主义教育等也有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:With the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War, the domestic and international situation has changed profoundly. The national contradiction between China and Japan is no longer the main contradiction in Chinese society. However, the establishment of a "new state", people from all walks of life have different views. As the two most powerful political parties at that time, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China competed in many ways in order to realize their ideas of nation-building. It is one of the important ways to gain the support of ordinary people through political propaganda. History textbooks can not only transmit human history knowledge, but also convey specific political consciousness. During the war in the liberated areas, with the development of the war situation, the scope of the liberated areas expanded and the number of newly established primary and secondary schools increased. As the indispensable backbone of the future construction of "New China", primary and middle school students propagandized it politically, made them accept the idea of the founding of the Communist Party of China and urged them to strive hard in the "new society" in the future. Become a very urgent and important thing. In this period, the Communist Party of China, in order to achieve this goal, actively incorporated its concept of founding into the history textbooks of primary and secondary schools in the liberated areas. Throughout the history textbooks of primary and secondary schools in the liberated areas, it is not difficult to find that, in terms of editorial concepts, these textbooks fully permeate historical materialism, including related theories such as social formation division, class struggle, national view, national view, and so on. And pay attention to Mao Zedong's thought propaganda, including revolutionary military idea, new democratic revolution theory and so on. In terms of editorial content, the text of the textbook pays attention to following the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal principles and the principle of education serving the war. The content focuses on the description of the history of the Chinese revolution, especially the history of the modern Chinese revolution. In the description of the modern revolutionary history of China, the writing of the revolutionary achievements of the Communist Party of China is especially prominent. In addition, the textbook takes the role of "the masses" as the value guide, that is, whether it conforms to the interests of the "masses of the people". Whether or not to obtain the support of the masses is the criterion for judging historical events and figures. To a certain extent, these all contain the concept of the founding of the Communist Party of China. In other words, the contents of history textbooks for primary and secondary schools in liberated areas contain some consciousness construction and imagination of the future "new country" and "new society". The history textbooks of primary and secondary schools in liberated areas are not only of positive significance to the construction of a "new country", but also of reference to how to better permeate the historical materialism and patriotism education in the present history textbooks.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.51

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