基于国际科学教育测评试题分析的中学生物学试题命制研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 01:09

本文选题：PISA + TIMSS　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在当前新课程的改革中,越来越重视教学评价的改革。在这一此新的高考改革中对考试内容方面提出了一些新的要求,考试不仅应该注重基础和综合的知识部分,还要注重考查学习者利用学习到的知识对一些问题进行分析、解决的能力,以及他们能够进行独立思考的能力。那么考试的试题在命制时也要符合这些目标。PISA和TIMSS是国际主流的大规模基础教育评价项目,美国的国家教育进展评估项目NAEP也是其国内权威的中小学学业评价体系,本文通过对这三大教育测评项目中科学教育测评试题的分析,总结其试题特点,以此为指导,依据课标与考试大纲,命制了部分中学生物学试题,并通过Rasch模型对命制试题的质量进行分析,以期对这一次考试评价改革中试题命制提供借鉴。通过从试题的构成要素即情境、立意、答案、设问这些方面出发,选取了测评的基本理念、试题的内容情境、呈现方式和评分标准四个角度对比研究了 PISA、TIMSS、NAEP三大国际学生评价项目中的科学试题,归纳总结出国际科学教育测评试题的一些共同特点:测评内容注重多维化考查、试题内容注重情景化以及试题呈现方式的多元化。结合PISA、TIMSS、NAEP三大国际科学教育测评项目中科学试题的特点,以课程标准和考试大纲为依据,分别从高中生物学三本教材必修一、必修二以及必修三中选取部分知识点作为试题的考点,对一些高考试题、模拟题及习题等进行了改编设计。呈现出糖尿病、种子的萌发以及蜜蜂三个试题单元。Rasch模型通过对数转化将被试能力和试题难度转化为logit分,能在单一维度尺子上对试题难度和学生能力水平之间进行比较。本研究选取笔者实习时的班级作为测试对象,利用Ministep软件对测试结果进行分析,发现试题总体上来说与Rasch模型拟合较好,试题难度略低于学生能力水平,个别试题需要进行修改或删减。通过对结果的分析修改或替换相应的试题。通过以上研究,表明PISA、TIMSS、NAEP等国际教育测评项目对我国教育改革具有一定的借鉴意义,试题的命制也是一项需要在实践与思考中不断提升的工作,而通过Rasch模型对试题质量进行分析,也能为命题工作提供测量学的参考依据。
[Abstract]:In the current reform of the new curriculum, more and more attention is paid to the reform of teaching evaluation. In this new college entrance examination reform, some new requirements are put forward in the examination content. The examination should not only pay attention to the basic and comprehensive knowledge part, but also pay attention to the ability to analyze and solve some problems by using the knowledge that the learners have learned. As well as their ability to think independently, the test questions are also in accordance with these goals.PISA and TIMSS are the major international mainstream education evaluation projects. The national education progress assessment project in the United States, NAEP, is also the domestic authority of primary and secondary school evaluation system. This article through the three major educational tests. On the basis of the analysis of the test questions of scientific education evaluation in the project, the characteristics of the test questions are summed up, which is guided by the instruction of the curriculum standard and the examination outline, and some secondary school biology questions are made, and the quality of the test questions is analyzed through the Rasch model, in order to provide reference for the test question life system in this examination evaluation reform. According to the situation, intention, answer, and question, we select the basic concept of evaluation, the content situation of the test, the presentation mode and the scoring standard four points of contrast and study the scientific test questions in the PISA, TIMSS, NAEP three international student evaluation projects, and summarize some common characteristics of the test questions of international scientific education: evaluation and evaluation. The content pays attention to the multi-dimensional examination, the content of the test topic is focused on the situation and the diversification of the examination question presentation mode. According to the characteristics of the scientific test questions in the three international scientific education evaluation projects of PISA, TIMSS and NAEP, based on the curriculum standards and the examination syllabus, the required part of the high school biology three textbooks, the required two and the required three parts are selected. As the test point of the test, some test questions, simulation questions and exercises are adapted and designed. The results show that diabetes, seed germination and the three.Rasch model of the bee are transformed into logit points through logarithmic transformation, and the difficulty of test questions and the ability of students can be water on a single dimension ruler. In this study, we choose the class as the test object, and analyze the results by Ministep software, and find that the test questions are generally better fitted with the Rasch model, the difficulty of the test questions is slightly lower than the students' ability level, and some questions need to be modified or deleted. The results are modified or replaced by the analysis of the results. Change the relevant test questions. Through the above research, it shows that the international education evaluation projects such as PISA, TIMSS and NAEP have some reference significance to our country's educational reform. The test question life system is also a work which needs to be promoted in practice and thinking, and the quality of the test questions is analyzed by the Rasch model, and it can also provide measurement for the propositional work. Reference basis.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6

【参考文献】