初中物理演示实验教学中运用自制教具的现状调查

发布时间：2018-04-24 20:43

本文选题：初中物理教学 + 演示实验　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：初中生处于形象思维阶段,他们对物理的学习是从观察开始的。在初中物理课堂教学中应尽最大可能的为学生呈现物理现象,学生们通过观察物理现象及过程,为他们思考问题提供表象支持,有助于他们建立物理概念、总结物理规律、提高学习效率。因此,教师开发研制初中物理演示实验教具,既弥补了演示实验教学资源的不足,又促进了学生对物理概念理解和规律的掌握。笔者分别编制了教师调查问卷和学生调查问卷,对教师自制教具的能力水平、教师对自制教具的认识程度、教师运用自制教具进行演示实验教学对学生学习的影响情况的现状进行调查。通过对调查问卷和实地访谈的信息统计分析,了解了教师对自制演示实验教具的认识和自制教具的成效,收集了一线教师自制的教学效果好的案例。同时也发现了当前初中物理演示实验自制教具存在的一些问题:1.教师对自制演示实验教具的认识不足;2.教师自制演示实验的能力较差;3.教师的自制教具的积极主动性有待进一步提高。针对初中物理教师自制演示实验教具现状中存在的问题。笔者在分析其原因的基础上,提出了初中物理演示实验自制教具选题的策略:1.为解决学生学习的难点来设计演示教具。2.就某个知识点的应用设计一个演示实验的教具。3.分析特定物品的物理教学用途、从而对此进行使用。4.把与物理有关的热点新闻引入课堂而设计演示实验教具。5.参考电视、网络、书籍上已有的教具,对其进行模仿和创新。6.分析实验室已有实验仪器的不足,为改善这些不足而进行教具制作。还提出了促进教师积极参与演示实验教具开发的建议:1.科学核定教师的教学工作量,给予教师专业发展留出“时空”。2.学校制定相应的奖励机制,奖励可以包括精神、物质奖励,还可以包括“教学研究假期”奖励等。3.举办物理演示实验自制教具“大讲堂”,聘请专家和一线教师进行理论指导和经验介绍。4.开阔教师的专业视野,给教师提供相关的参观交流的机会。5.教育行政管理部门定期组织教师参加教具制作的比赛。6.学校建立教学研究科研项目申报机制,对于申报获得立项的项目给予研究经费支持,并负责对项目完成情况进行评估验收。
[Abstract]:Junior high school students are in the phase of thinking in images, and their study of physics begins with observation. In the physics classroom teaching of junior high school, the students should present the physical phenomena to the students as far as possible. By observing the physical phenomena and the process, the students can provide them with apparent support for thinking about problems, which will help them to establish the concept of physics and sum up the laws of physics. Improve learning efficiency. Therefore, the teacher develops the physics demonstration experiment teaching tool in junior middle school, which not only makes up for the deficiency of the demonstration experiment teaching resource, but also promotes the students to understand the physics concept and the law. The author has compiled the teacher questionnaire and the student questionnaire separately, to the teacher's self-made teaching aid ability level, the teacher's understanding degree to the self-made teaching aid, The present situation of teachers using self-made teaching aids to demonstrate the effect of experimental teaching on students' learning is investigated. Based on the statistical analysis of questionnaire and field interviews, this paper finds out the teachers' understanding of self-made experimental teaching aids and the effectiveness of self-made teaching aids, and collects the cases of first-line teachers' self-made teaching effects. At the same time also found that the current junior high school physics demonstration experiment homemade teaching aids exist some problems: 1. Teachers do not know enough about self-made demonstration teaching aids. The teacher's ability of self-made demonstration experiment is poor. The active initiative of teachers' self-made teaching aids needs to be further improved. Aiming at the problems existing in the present situation of self-made demonstration experiment teaching aids for physics teachers in junior high school. Based on the analysis of the reasons, the author puts forward the strategy of choosing the title of self-made teaching aids in the physics demonstration experiment of junior high school: 1. In order to solve the students' learning difficulties to design demonstration teaching aids. 2. Design a demonstration experiment for the application of a knowledge point teaching aids. 3. Analyze the physics teaching use of specific items and use them. 4. 4. Introduction of physics related hot news into the classroom and design demonstration experiment teaching aids. 5. Refer to the existing teaching aids on TV, network, and books, imitate and innovate them. 6. In order to improve the deficiency of laboratory experimental instruments, teaching aids are made. It also puts forward the suggestion of promoting teachers' active participation in the development of demonstration experiment teaching aids. Scientific examination of teachers' teaching workload, give teachers professional development set aside "time and space". 2. The school establishes the corresponding reward mechanism, the reward may include the spirit, the material reward, but also may include "the teaching and research vacation" the reward and so on. 3. Hold physics demonstration experiment self-made teaching aids "big lecture hall", hire experts and first line teachers to carry out theoretical guidance and experience introduction. Broaden teachers' professional horizons and provide teachers with the opportunity to visit and communicate with each other. Education administration departments regularly organize teachers to participate in teaching aids production competition. 6. The school establishes the application mechanism of teaching research and scientific research projects, supports the research funds for the projects that have been approved, and is responsible for the evaluation and acceptance of the completion of the projects.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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