多维视野下的“超级中学”现象解析

发布时间：2018-05-01 07:11

本文选题：超级中学 + 教育公平　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为社会转型的产物,名噪一时的“超级中学”自诞生以来,以斐然夺目的成绩与卓越超群的表现在上世纪九十年代声名鹊起,艳压群芳。学校的经营者一路披荆斩棘,战果累累,以其创造的高考神话大获赞赏,却也一直在风口浪尖中举步维艰,“超级中学”也被众媒体贴上“高考工厂”、“制造机器”、“人间炼狱”等标签,可谓毁誉参半。诚然,“超级中学”对卓越品质的追求无可厚非,但由此产生的诸多问题却也不容忽视,诸如盲目追求升学率、政绩观扭曲、教育资源分布不均等乱象已悄然成为了应试教育的催化剂,迫使周边高中逐渐沦为薄弱,发展之路步履蹒跚。“超级中学”既是教育关注的问题,也属于特殊的社会现象,这不仅关乎地方政府、学校以及万千学子的发展,还关系着高中阶段教育的改革方向,因此有必要在多维度视野下对这一复杂的现象进行深层次解析。“超级中学”的产生是变革时代我国政治、经济、文化背景等因素共同影响的结果,有一定必然性。通过系统梳理“超级中学”产生的过程,将其置于历史发展的进程中,寻找“超级中学”的政治、经济、文化逻辑起点,并从形式、公平性、功能性三个视角,整合当前学者、媒体对“超级中学”的争论,以大众视线切入“超级中学”的现状。再通过调查走访,对多所知名“超级中学”进行了考察,从地方政府、学校、学生、家长、教师等视角出发,用利益驱动、校际差距、相关群体的心声三个镜头还原“超级中学”的真实状况,尝试呈现“超级中学”的发展现状,揭示“超级中学”背后一些不为关注的事实。在实地调查的基础上,以“归因——评价——反思”为逻辑框架对“超级中学”现象进行多维审视:在教育公平理论、文化资本理论视野下对“超级中学”产生外因与内因进行深入分析,推导出“超级中学”场域形成的文化资本逻辑结构,又在功能性理论视野下对“超级中学”的功能性、公平性以及实效性予以客观评价,再结合现象学与实践现象学的方法论基础,以笔者个人“我”为视角,阐述了研究“超级中学”现象的体验与反思。最后提出相关治理建议:从兼顾效率与公平的角度展望学校革新的方向,从健全体制与机制的角度明确政府应尽的职责,以保持客观与理性为思考基点,提出了社会对“超级中学”现象的责任,呼吁社会大众理性客观地看待“超级中学”。
[Abstract]:As the product of social transformation, "Super Middle School" has been famous since its birth. The school's operators, who have made a lot of achievements, have been greatly praised for their creation of the myth of the college entrance examination, but they have been struggling in the storm. "Super High School" has also been posted by the media as "college entrance examination factory" and "manufacturing machine." Labels such as "Purgatory on Earth" have a mixed reputation. It is true that the pursuit of excellence in "super high schools" is not to blame, but many of the problems arising therefrom cannot be ignored, such as the blind pursuit of promotion rates, the distorted view of political achievement, The uneven distribution of educational resources has quietly become the catalyst of examination-oriented education, forcing the peripheral high schools to become weak gradually, and the road of development is faltering. "Super Middle School" is not only an issue of educational concern, but also a special social phenomenon. It is not only related to the development of local governments, schools and thousands of students, but also related to the reform direction of high school education. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze this complex phenomenon in multi-dimensional view. The emergence of "Super Middle School" is the result of political, economic, cultural background and so on. Through systematically combing the process of "super middle school", putting it in the process of historical development, looking for the starting point of political, economic and cultural logic of "super middle school", and integrating current scholars from three perspectives of form, fairness and function. Media on the "super middle school" debate, with the public view into the "super middle school" status. Through the investigation and visit, we have investigated many famous "super high schools", starting from the perspective of local government, schools, students, parents, teachers and so on, using the interest driven, inter-school gap. The three lenses of the related groups restore the real situation of "Super Middle School", try to present the development status of "Super Middle School", and reveal some unconcerned facts behind "Super Middle School". On the basis of field investigation, taking "attribution-evaluation-reflection" as the logical framework, this paper examines the phenomenon of "super middle school": in the theory of educational fairness, From the perspective of cultural capital theory, the external and internal causes of "super middle school" are deeply analyzed, and the logical structure of cultural capital formed in the field of "super middle school" is deduced, and the function of "super middle school" in the view of functional theory. This paper evaluates the fairness and effectiveness objectively, and then combines the methodological basis of phenomenology and practical phenomenology, and expounds the experience and reflection of studying the phenomenon of "super middle school" from the perspective of the author's personal "I". Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on governance: looking forward to the direction of school innovation from the angle of both efficiency and fairness, clarifying the responsibility of the government from the angle of perfecting the system and mechanism, and taking the objective and rational as the basic point of thinking. This paper puts forward the responsibility of society to the phenomenon of "super middle school", and appeals to the public to look at "super middle school" rationally and objectively.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G639.2

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