2007—2016年高考全国卷物理电学实验试题研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 07:58

本文选题：高考物理 + 电学实验　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：高考作为选拔人才的主要途径,受到广大群众的关注。新课改之后,高考也作出了相应的改革,其方式方法、内容及考查能力都发生了变化。对高考试题的具体分析,对于师生了解高考动向具有重要意义。同时分析高考试题,研究物理高考考查的规律及特点,能够让教师完善自己的教学,进行查漏补缺。物理是以实验为基础的科学,其实验的重要性不言而喻。而中学电学实验的考查,一直是高考实验题的热门考点,其在整个高考物理中占据重要地位。本文采用内容分析法、文献研究法和统计分析法,根据解读课程标准和《考试大纲》中关于物理实验及电学实验部分的要求和需要达到的能力,对十年全国卷物理电学实验试题进行了详细分析与研究。从中发现高考物理电学实验试题在考查学生对基本实验技能、仪器的使用、原理的掌握、数据分析及误差分析等知识以外,更加关注学生综合性能力的考查。本文对2007—2016年高考全国卷物理电学实验试题进行了系统的分析,主要从电学实验所占分值比、电学实验所考查的内容、能力及设计性实验等进行研究,从中得出以下结论:1)十年中,电学实验一直占据物理实验试题的半边江山。2)基本仪器的选择和使用是实验仪器考查的主要内容之一。3)注重对典型实验的考查。4)重视理解电学实验原理及运用。5)注重实验能力的考查。6)实验设计能力的考查成为物理实验考试的热点。鉴于以上的研究,结合实习经历,笔者提出对电学实验的教学建议和即将步入教学岗位的准教师的建议。对电学实验部分教学建议:1)深入分析课程标准与《考试大纲》,从思想上重视物理电学实验。2)加强锻炼实验仪器的基本使用,强化实验操作的训练,提高动手能力。3)培养学生物理实验思维、方法,重视掌握物理实验原理。4)注重培养学生实验设计能力。对准教师准备好实验教学的建议:1)课前充分准备,避免错误的发生。2)做好课堂的演示实验。3)收集整理实验试题,形成试题库,以增加知识储备。4)收集一线教师各类有关实验教学的优秀文章,扩宽知识面。
[Abstract]:College entrance examination, as the main way to select talents, is concerned by the masses. After the new course reform, the college entrance examination also made the corresponding reform, its way method, the content and the examination ability all had the change. It is of great significance for teachers and students to understand the trend of college entrance examination. At the same time, by analyzing the examination questions of the college entrance examination and studying the rules and characteristics of the physical examination, teachers can improve their teaching and make up for the missing. Physics is a science based on experiments, the importance of which is self-evident. The examination of electrical experiment in middle school has always been the hot spot of the experimental questions of the college entrance examination, which occupies an important position in the whole physics of the college entrance examination. This paper adopts the content analysis method, the literature research method and the statistical analysis method, according to the interpretation curriculum standard and the examination outline about the physics experiment and the electrical experiment part request and the need to reach the ability, A detailed analysis and study of the ten-year national physical electrical test questions is carried out. It is found that in addition to the students' knowledge of basic experimental skills, the use of instruments, the mastering of principles, the analysis of data and the analysis of errors, the college entrance examination questions in physics electrical experiments pay more attention to the examination of students' comprehensive ability. In this paper, a systematic analysis is made on the physical electrical test questions of the national college entrance examination papers from 2007 to 2016, mainly from the aspects of the proportion of electrical experiments, the contents, abilities and design experiments of electrical experiments, etc. From which we can draw the following conclusion:) in ten years, The selection and use of basic instruments is one of the main contents of the examination of experimental instruments. 3) pay attention to the examination of typical experiments. 4) pay attention to understanding the principle and application of electrical experiments. Paying attention to the test of experiment ability. 6) the examination of experiment design ability becomes the hot spot of physics experiment examination. In view of the above research, combined with the practical experience, the author puts forward the teaching suggestions to the electrical experiment and the suggestions of the prospective teachers who will soon enter the teaching post. The teaching suggestion of the electrical experiment part: (1) deeply analyzing the course standard and the examination outline, paying attention to the physics electrical experiment from the idea.) strengthening the basic use of the exercise experiment instrument, strengthening the training of the experiment operation. Improve the practical ability. 3) cultivate the students' thinking of physics experiment, pay attention to mastering the principle of physics experiment. 4) pay attention to the cultivation of students' ability of experiment design. To prepare the teacher for experimental teaching: 1) to prepare well before class, to avoid mistakes. 2) to do well the demonstration experiment in class. 3) to collect and sort out the test questions, and to form a test question bank. In order to increase the knowledge reserve. 4) collect all kinds of excellent articles about experiment teaching, widen the scope of knowledge.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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