中小学教师教学规划研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 08:56

本文选题：教师 + 教学规划　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：凡事预则立,不预则废,教学亦如此,教师在教学之前对教学进行规划,在一定程度上能够改善教学。教学规划是指教师在自己的教育观、教学观基础上,根据对学生、课程、教学环境等要素的综合分析,对自己的教学活动进行系统规划,其中包含着教学理念、目的、过程、策略和方法,具有思想性、目的性、系统性、实践性和独特性的特点。教学规划是在一定时代背景下提出的,具有其可能性和必要性。当今社会对多元化和个性化的尊重是教师进行教学规划的时代背景;在课程改革中,教师被赋予了更多的自主权,这为教师自主规划自己的教学提供了可能性;并且,教师教学规划本身具有重要意义,教师进行教学规划是教师有效教学的前提,是教师专业成长的基础,是教师个性化发展的需要也是学生学习理念转变的动力,因此,教师进行自主教学规划具有其必要性。通过对部分优秀教师的教学成果、教育叙事和教学研究的分析,能够发现这些教师所具有的教学规划意识和能力,将这些优秀教师的教学规划经历和心路历程进行深入分析后,梳理出教师进行教学规划的机制,这种教学规划机制能够为教师培养教学规划意识和能力提供参考,也能够为教学规划的研究提供借鉴。首先,教学中的困惑和困境激发了教师改善教学的动机,教师自主意识觉醒,对教学规划从“无意识”到“有意识”。其次,在遇到困境和困惑后,这些教师不断地追问和反思,教师经验与教育理论的火花不断碰撞。在这一过程中,教师非常重视自己“内心的声音”,从不轻视自己对教育的点滴理解。在分析教学时,学科特点、学生学习兴趣和特点还有教学方法是他们关注的焦点。再次,教师制定自己的教学规划并不是零散地从学科、学生或教学方法某单一角度提炼出一个理念或者具体的做法,而是形成一个系统的框架,作出长远的、全面的规划,教学规划设计大致包括目标确立、详细规划和即时检验三个方面。然后,当教学规划达到较为系统和完善的程度时,教师就会将其全面地应用到实践中去检验其效果,通过规划实施、规划评价和常规化,教学规划融入到教师的全部经验和习惯当中。最后,教学规划内化为一种内部动机,从而影响其整体教学,这种内化贵在坚持和积累,成在创新和发展。从访谈结果来看,部分教师并没有对自己的教学进行系统规划,也有部分教师虽然有意识地对自己的教学进行规划,但是其中存在诸多问题。教师在教学规划中主要存在教学规划意识薄弱、教学规划技术化倾向明显以及教学规划依赖感性经验的问题。造成这些问题的原因主要包括,长久以来教师作为“实施者”的教学传统、教师教学理性认识不足以及教师教学专业化水平有限等原因。有教学规划意识的教师,相对来说具有教学规划的主动性,但是实际设计、操作、评价和协调方面存在差异和欠缺,需要在实际规划层面深入理解规划和学习如何生成规划。而对于没有主动规划意识的教师,他们的首要任务是要认识到自己在教学中的主动性,意识到教学规划与自身发展是协调统一的,进而进一步学习如何进行有效的教学规划。教师进行教学规划是一个教师专业自觉的过程,是教师教学从被动到主动、从依赖经验到理性思考以及从零散设计到系统规划的过程,在这一过程中,需要教师积极地发现自我在教学中的价值,并且结合经验和理论深入思考自己的教学,以一种复杂性思维对于自己的教学保持系统和长远的规划。与此同时,从教师的教学规划经验来看,教师能够积极主动进行规划,与学校的教学文化环境和学校的管理机制密不可分,学校应该意识到教师在教学实施和管理中的基础作用,在课程改革的背景下,既对学校课程和教学改革进行整体规划,又能够为教师创设相对自由的教学空间,以使得教师有充分的机会对教学进行个性化的规划,并采取跨年级教研等具体策略引导教师进行有效教学规划。
[Abstract]:The teacher is able to plan the teaching before teaching and to some extent improve the teaching. The teaching plan refers to the teachers' comprehensive analysis of the students, the curriculum and the teaching environment on the basis of their views on education and teaching, and the systematic planning of their own teaching activities. It includes the teaching idea, the purpose, the process, the strategy and the method, which has the characteristics of ideological, objective, systematic, practical and unique. The teaching plan is put forward in a certain time background and has its possibility and necessity. The respect for diversification and individuation in today's society is the background of teachers' teaching planning; in the course of curriculum reform, In the course of the revolution, teachers have been given more autonomy, which provides the possibility for teachers to plan their own teaching independently; and the teaching planning of teachers is of great significance. Teachers' teaching planning is the premise of teachers' effective teaching, the basis of teachers' professional development, the need of teachers' individualized development and the transfer of students' learning ideas. Therefore, it is necessary for teachers to carry out autonomous teaching planning. Through the analysis of the teaching achievements, educational narration and teaching research of some excellent teachers, the teaching planning consciousness and ability of these teachers can be found, and the teaching planning experience and course of these excellent teachers are analyzed and analyzed. The mechanism of teaching planning for teachers, this teaching plan mechanism can provide reference for teachers to train teaching planning consciousness and ability, and can also provide reference for the study of teaching planning. First, the puzzles and puzzles in the teaching arouse the teachers' motivation to improve teaching, the awakening of teachers' self-consciousness, and the "unconscious" of teaching planning. In this process, teachers attach great importance to their "inner voice" and never despise their own understanding of education. In the analysis of teaching, the characteristics of the subject, and the students' interest in learning. And the characteristics and teaching methods are the focus of their attention. Again, the teacher's own teaching plan is not piecemeal from the discipline, students or teaching methods to extract a concept or specific practice, but to form a systematic framework for long-term, comprehensive planning, teaching planning and design roughly include the objectives. Standard establishment, detailed planning and immediate inspection three aspects. Then, when the teaching plan reaches a more systematic and perfect degree, the teacher will apply it to the practice to test its effect in an all-round way, through planning and implementation, planning evaluation and routine, teaching planning into all the teachers' experience and habits. Finally, teaching planning Internalization is a kind of internal motivation, which affects its overall teaching. This internalization is valuable in insistence and accumulation and in innovation and development. From the result of interview, some teachers have not systematically planned their own teaching, but some teachers have a conscious plan for their teaching, but there are many problems in them. The main reasons for these problems are the weak consciousness of teaching planning, the obvious tendency of teaching planning and the dependence on the perceptual experience in teaching planning. The main reasons for these problems include the teaching tradition of the teacher as the "implementer", the lack of knowledge of teachers' teaching rationality and the limited professional level of the teacher's teaching. Teachers with teaching planning awareness have the initiative of teaching planning, but there are differences and deficiencies in actual design, operation, evaluation and coordination. It is necessary to understand planning and learning how to generate planning in the practical planning level. For teachers who have no initiative planning awareness, their primary task is to understand. To their own initiative in teaching, we realize that teaching planning and self development are coordinated and unified, and then further study how to carry out effective teaching planning. Teachers' teaching planning is a process of teacher's professional consciousness. It is a teacher's teaching from passivity to initiative, from dependence on experience to rational thinking and from scattered design to system. In the process of planning, in this process, teachers need to discover the value of self in teaching actively, and think deeply about their own teaching in combination with experience and theory, and maintain a systematic and long-term plan for their own teaching with a kind of complex thinking. At the same time, teachers can actively enter into the teaching plan from the perspective of teachers' teaching planning experience. Line planning is inseparable from the teaching cultural environment of the school and the management mechanism of the school. The school should realize the basic role of the teachers in the implementation and management of the teaching. Under the background of the curriculum reform, we should not only plan the school curriculum and teaching reform as a whole, but also create a relatively free teaching space for the teachers, so as to make the teachers have We should give full opportunities to individualized planning of teaching, and adopt specific strategies such as cross grade teaching and research to guide teachers to carry out effective teaching planning.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G635.1

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