大连市S初中试行导学案始末的个案分析

发布时间：2018-05-12 14:26

本文选题：导学案 + 自主学习　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：导学案是新课程改革以来,为提高学生自主学习能力而产生的一种文本资料。导学案自产生至今,有的学校使用导学案提高了教学质量,有的学校却出现了不少问题。不管是促进导学案教学改革进一步发展,还是在导学案的启示下探究其他发展学生自主学习能力的教学方式,都需要对导学案的进一步研究。本研究选取大连市S初中作为研究个案,选用个案研究法、文献研究法、访谈法、问卷调查法,对S初中试行导学案的始末进行介绍,分析S初中通过试行导学案取得的成效及出现的问题,探究该校试行导学案未取得良好效果的原因,并为正在使用导学案的学校和准备使用导学案的学校提出建议。经调查,发现S初中试行导学案期间取得一定成效,但出现的问题远远大于成效,包括教师面对改革不齐心;导学案设计教科书化、习题集化;导学案设计与教学呆板机械;教师不善于把握“导”与“学”;学生使用导学案预习质量低下。因此在后期学校也停止了导学案的试行。经分析,本研究认为S初中运用导学案最终没有取得良好效果的原因主要有以下四方面。第一,学校引入导学案时带有盲目性;试行过程留于表面,教师培训不到位,监管评价机制不完善;取消导学案时表现出唯效益性,缺少反思。第二,教师对于导学案认识不足;教师的导学案教学能力较低,课前预习指导、课上教学引导、学法指导都存在不足。第三,学生对导学案的认识存在偏差,而且本身的自主学习能力较低。第四,导学案本身的有限合理性,一方面导学案的适宜性不强,受知识点的差异性、教材设定问题情境的差异性影响;另一方面导学案的程序化容易束缚教师、学生的思维。针对以上原因分析,本研究提出如下建议:首先明确导学案的适用范围,之后学校方面应减少改革的盲目追风与唯效益性,加强导学案相关培训的深入性,建立健全监管评价机制;教师方面要正确认识导学案,从而优化设计导学案,进而合理使用导学案,同时加强对学生使用导学案的指导。针对本研究主要解决的问题——大连市S初中试行导学案最终未取得良好效果的原因,本研究认为主要责任方在于学校。学校开展的这次导学案改革缺少对教学改革问题的深层次思考,缺乏改革的理性自觉。因此,面对导学案,首先应正视其优势和局限性,进而结合实际教学情况,才能将导学案的价值最大化。
[Abstract]:The guide case is a kind of text material to improve students' autonomous learning ability since the new curriculum reform. Since its emergence, some schools have improved the teaching quality by using it, while some schools have had many problems. Whether it is to promote the further development of the teaching reform of the guiding case, or to explore other teaching methods of developing students' autonomous learning ability under the enlightenment of the guiding case, it is necessary to further study the guiding case. This study selects S junior high school in Dalian as a case study, chooses case study method, literature research method, interview method, questionnaire method, and introduces the beginning and end of the pilot case of S junior high school. This paper analyzes the results and problems of the pilot case in S junior high school, probes into the reasons why the pilot case has not achieved good results, and puts forward some suggestions for the schools that are using the pilot plan and the schools that are preparing to use the pilot plan. Through investigation, it is found that some achievements have been made during the trial of guided case in S junior high school, but the problems are far greater than the effect, including the teachers facing the reform, the textbook designing of the guiding case, the problem gathering, the design of the guiding case and the machine of teaching and learning; Teachers are not good at grasping "guidance" and "learning", and the quality of students' preparation is low. Therefore, in the late school also stopped the pilot trial. Through analysis, the author thinks that the reasons why S junior middle school failed to achieve good results are as follows. First, the introduction of school guidance plan with blindness; the trial process remains on the surface, teacher training is not in place, supervision and evaluation mechanism is not perfect; the cancellation of the guide case shows only benefit, lack of reflection. Second, teachers do not know enough about the guiding case, the teaching ability of the teachers is low, the guidance before class, the instruction in class and the instruction in learning method are all insufficient. Third, students' understanding of the pilot case is biased, and their autonomous learning ability is low. Fourth, the limited rationality of the guiding case itself, on the one hand, the suitability of the case is not strong, influenced by the difference of knowledge points and the problem situation of textbook setting; on the other hand, the procedure of guiding case is easy to constrain the thinking of teachers and students. According to the analysis of the above reasons, this study puts forward the following suggestions: first, the scope of application of the guiding case should be clarified, and then the school should reduce the blind pursuit and efficiency of the reform, and strengthen the depth of training related to the guiding case. To establish and improve the supervision and evaluation mechanism, teachers should correctly understand the case of guiding students, so as to optimize the design of the case of guidance, and then reasonably use the case, and strengthen the guidance to students in the use of the case. In view of the problem that this research mainly solves-Dalian S junior middle school trial pilot case has not finally achieved good results, this study believes that the main responsibility lies with the school. The reform of the guiding case lacks the deep thinking of the teaching reform and the rational consciousness of the reform. Therefore, in the face of the guiding case, we should first face its advantages and limitations, and then combine with the actual teaching situation, in order to maximize the value of the guiding case.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G632.4

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