福建省中小学体育课堂教学现实状况调查研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 19:50

本文选题：中小学 + 体育课　；参考：《集美大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以福建省中小学体育课堂教学现状为研究内容,选取了福建省58所中小学学校的116节体育课作为观察对象。采用观察方法、访谈方法、问卷调查方法、数理统计方法等,对体育课的开设情况、教学时间的利用、学生练习密度、体育课堂教学组织形式、教法组织与技能教学方法、课堂教学项目内容、项目的运动强度、学生对体育课兴趣程度这8个方面进行调查。结果显示:整体教学效果良好、教学过程规范、体育教学对促进学生体质健康水平发挥积极作用。研究结果同时显示:体育教学也存在一定的不足,具体体现在以下八个方面。1、在课时方面:3-9年级和高中阶段按要求开设体育课的学校比例达到100%。而小学1-2年级能按照要求开足开齐体育课的学校占比91.7%,未按照要求开足开齐体育课的学校占比8.3%;2、在体育课三个部分时间分配方面:准备部分时间耗时达20分钟以上的课堂有59.5%;基本部分时间在20分钟以下的有42.2%;而在结束部分没有整理放松活动环节的课时数比例达70.7%;结束部分进行整理放松活动时间1-5分钟的比例为26.9%,6-10分钟的比例为3.4%。3、在练习密度方面:在所调查的116节体育课中,学生全课身体练习密度在25%以下的有61节,学生身体练习密度在25%-40%之间的有55节。4、在课的教学内容方面:中小学体育课在教学内容开展上虽然涉及的项目较多,但多以师资特点来选择项目,各校项目不尽一致。5、在体育课中的运动负荷方面,小学学生体操类居多运动负荷较低,导致锻炼效果不佳。中学学生在体育课中的运动负荷较高,具有一定的锻炼效果。6、在课的教学组织形式方面:中学体育课采取整班式教学方式的课时比例为28.9%,兴趣项目分班为42.1%,分组教学为27.6%,复式教学为1.3%;小学体育课采取整班式教学方式的课时比例为47.5%,兴趣项目分班为22.5%,分组教学为22.5%,复式教学为7.5%。体现了教学组织的多样性。7、在技能教学方法上:主要采用完整教学法、分解教学法、领会教学法和循环练习法这几种教学方法来进行技能教学,其分别占33%、42.9%、13.4%和10.7%。符合学生特点。8、在学生对体育课兴趣程度方面:对体育课感兴趣和非常感兴趣的学生人数,只占比16.2%和15.1%。影响学生对体育课兴趣的因素主要存在于教学内容、教学方法、场地器材以及家庭等几方面。研究认为:学校体育虽然存在着领导重视、场地条件、学生人数等诸多因素,但是体育课的科学性和规范性仍然有提高的空间,建议加强体育教学的科学化水平,更新教师知识结构、提高教师的责任心、不断提高教学质量,促进青少年学生身心健康全面发展。
[Abstract]:Based on the present situation of PE classroom teaching in primary and secondary schools in Fujian Province, 116 PE classes in 58 primary and secondary schools in Fujian Province were selected as the objects of observation in this paper. The methods of observation, interview, questionnaire, mathematical statistics and so on were adopted. The opening of physical education, the use of teaching time, the density of students' practice, the organizational form of physical education classroom teaching, the organization of teaching method and the teaching method of skills were used. The contents of classroom teaching items, the intensity of sports and the students' interest in physical education were investigated. The results showed that the overall teaching effect was good, the teaching process was standardized, and the physical education played a positive role in promoting the students' physical health. At the same time, the results show that there are some deficiencies in physical education teaching, which are embodied in the following eight aspects: 1. The proportion of schools offering physical education classes according to the requirements in grade 3-9 and senior high school reaches 100% in the following eight aspects. However, 91.7% of primary schools in grade 1-2 can open physical education classes according to requirements, and 8.3% of schools that do not open physical education classes according to the requirements. In terms of time allocation of three parts of physical education, the preparation time takes up to 20 minutes. There are 59.5 in the classroom; 42.2 in the basic part of 20 minutes; 70.7 in the end when the relaxation activities are not organized; and 26.96-10 minutes in the finishing part. The ratio is 3.4. 3, in terms of practice density: in 116 physical education classes surveyed, There are 61 sessions with the density of physical exercises below 25% of the whole class, and 55 sections .4 with the density of physical exercises between 25% and 40% of the students. In terms of the teaching content of the class, there are many items involved in the development of physical education in primary and secondary schools. However, the characteristics of teachers to choose the project, the school items are not consistent. 5, in physical education class sports load, the gymnastics class of primary school students exercise load is low, resulting in poor exercise effect. Middle school students have a higher sports load in physical education, It has a certain effect of exercise. In the aspect of teaching organization, the proportion of class hours in middle school physical education is 28.9, the interest item is 42.1, the group teaching is 27.6and the duplex teaching is 1.3.The physical education in primary school takes the form of physical education in the form of "whole class", "interest item" is 42.1%, "group teaching" is 27.6g, and "duplex teaching" is 1.3%. The class hours ratio of the whole class teaching method is 47.5, the interest item class is 22.5. the group teaching is 22.5and the duplex teaching is 7.5. It embodies the diversity of teaching organization. In terms of skill teaching methods, it mainly adopts complete teaching method, decomposing teaching method, understanding teaching method and circular exercise method to carry on skill teaching, which accounts for 33% and 10.7% respectively. According to the characteristics of students, the number of students who are interested and very interested in physical education only account for 16.2% and 15.1% in terms of students' interest in physical education. The factors influencing students' interest in physical education mainly lie in teaching content, teaching method, site and equipment, family and so on. The study holds that although there are many factors in school physical education, such as leadership attention, site condition, student number and so on, there is room for improvement in the scientific and normative aspects of physical education, and it is suggested that the scientific level of physical education teaching should be strengthened. To renew teachers' knowledge structure, to improve teachers' sense of responsibility, to improve teaching quality, and to promote the overall development of adolescent students' physical and mental health.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.96

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