基于高考试题的地理学科能力表现水平的研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 01:21

本文选题：SOLO分类理论 + 地理　；参考：《延边大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：新一轮课程改革将地理核心素养置于地理课程目标的核心地位,地理学科能力作为地理素养的核心构成要素,不仅深刻地影响着教师的课堂教学,更影响着新一轮的高考改革。高考作为选拔人才的一种社会活动,不仅干系到高校招生选拔录取,更干系到国家对未来人才培养的要求。因此,高考试题的命制在一定程度上能够体现当下教育的要求及方向。2015年以来,新课标高考已组织了六年,积累了较多的经验。基本实现了从“知识立意”向“能力立意”的转变,为本文提供了较为理想的研究文本。文章以SOLO分类理论为评价标准,以地理试题为桥梁,以地理学科能力考察为依据,根据解答地理试题所需要的思维能力结合地理学科的特点建立起高考地理试题的SOLO层级评价标准。运用内容分析法和比较法,从学科能力分布、SOLO层级分布和学科能力表现水平分布三方面入手,通过对2015年新课标全国卷、北京卷、浙江卷、上海卷、山东卷五个地区的地理试题进行分析,得出如下结论：1、高考试题主要考查了空间分布格局的觉察能力、地理特征的综合分析能力且都以M水平和R水平为主；2、地理学科能力表现水平呈现显著的区域性特点和综合性特点；3、新课标全国卷地理试题,对五种地理学科能力及其四种表现水平均有所考察；4、四个地区的地方卷对学科能力考察侧重点不同,且学科能力水平表现差异较大。针对上述结论,提出与之相对应的如下建议：1、在高考复习上,以空间分布格局的觉察能力和地理特征综合分析能力为抓手。2、教学上,重点加强对区域认知和综合思维两大核心素养的培养。3、全国统一命制试卷后,可采用标准化试卷,对五种地理学科能力和四个表现水平进行全面合理考察。4、对于地方卷来说,在保留自己特色的同时,注重学科能力的全面考察及其表现水平的合理设置。此外,对于一线教师而言,能够对课标的行为动词与能力层级分类进行匹配,合理开展教学任务和高考复习,可以进一步实现对地理学科能力的培养。
[Abstract]:The new round of curriculum reform puts the geography core literacy at the core position of the geography curriculum goal. As the core component of geography literacy, geography subject ability not only profoundly affects the classroom teaching of teachers, but also affects the new round of college entrance examination reform. College entrance examination, as a kind of social activity in selecting talents, is not only related to the selection and admission of college students, but also to the requirements of the country for the cultivation of talents in the future. Therefore, the order system of college entrance examination questions can reflect the requirements and direction of current education to a certain extent. Since 2015, the new curriculum standard has been organized for six years and accumulated more experience. It has basically realized the transformation from "knowledge idea" to "ability idea", and has provided the ideal research text for this article. This paper takes the SOLO classification theory as the evaluation standard, the geography test as the bridge, and the ability of geography as the basis. According to the thinking ability needed to solve geography examination questions and the characteristics of geography subject, the SOLO level evaluation standard of college entrance examination geography examination questions is established. By using the method of content analysis and comparison, starting from three aspects of the distribution of subject ability, the hierarchical distribution of subject ability and the distribution of the level of expression of subject ability, the paper analyzes the national volume, Beijing volume, Zhejiang volume, Shanghai volume of the new curriculum standard in 2015. Based on the analysis of geographical examination questions in five regions of Shandong Volume, the following conclusion is drawn: 1. The examination questions of the college entrance examination mainly examine the ability of perceiving the spatial distribution pattern. The comprehensive analysis ability of geographical features is mainly M level and R level. The performance level of geography subject ability presents significant regional characteristics and comprehensive characteristics. The five kinds of geography subject ability and its four performance levels were all investigated. The local papers in the four regions had different emphasis on the subject ability, and there was a great difference in the subject ability level. In view of the above conclusions, this paper puts forward the following corresponding suggestions: 1. In the review of the college entrance examination, taking the ability of perception of spatial distribution pattern and the ability of comprehensive analysis of geographical characteristics as the grasping hand, teaching, Emphasis is placed on strengthening the cultivation of the two core qualities of regional cognition and comprehensive thinking. After the national unified test paper has been ordered, the standardized examination paper can be adopted to make a comprehensive and reasonable investigation of five kinds of geographical subject abilities and four levels of performance. For the local papers, At the same time, we should pay attention to the comprehensive investigation of the subject ability and the reasonable setting of the performance level. In addition, for the first-line teachers, the ability to match the behavioral verbs of the curriculum standard with the classification of competence levels, to carry out teaching tasks reasonably and to review the college entrance examination can further realize the cultivation of the ability of geography subjects.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.55

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