思想品德课学生观察力培养的策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 05:01

本文选题：初中生 + 思想品德课　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：思想品德课是一门以培养学生的学科核心素养(政治认同、理性精神、法治意识、公共参与)为根本目标的社会主义现代化公民素养教育课。观察力作为智力的构成要素之一,也是公民理性精神、法治意识和公共参与能力的重要体现。学生通过细致的观察获取第一手资料,观察活动能帮助学生发现问题、认识问题并提供解决的方案,是一个探究的过程,这个过程能提高学生的学习热情。在各门学科的课程标准中,都提到了观察力培养的重要性,所以,对于教育部门以及广大一线教师而言,努力提升学生观察力是一个亟待解决的问题。本文搜集并整理了与观察、观察力培养相关的国内外文献资料,在阅读分析的基础上重新归纳了观察力的内涵。首先笔者对观察、观察力的内涵进行了分析,在总结分析结果的基上,编制出关于初中生观察力现状的调查问卷(师生不同卷),通过问卷调查,初步了解当前初中生观察力的现状以及存在的不足,并有针对性地分析原因并提出相应对策。通过对问卷调查的数据分析,发现多数学生对观察是很感兴趣的,但是当前学生的观察力现状却不容乐观。总结下来不难发现,初中生观察力现状主要存在以下五个不足:(1)学生缺乏相关的学科基础知识,不会使用思想品德课知识来观察;(2)学生在观察活动很少制定计划,且观察缺少条理性;(3)学生在观察过程中很难主动提出问题,严重缺乏主动探究问题的意识;(4)观察过程容易受到不相关的因素的影响,使得观察活动无法持久进行;(5)在观察过程中,学生很少边观察边记录观察的现象和结果。依据实际的考察结果,并联系国内外相关的文献资料,笔者对上述不足进行了归因分析,并提出如下对策,以期待改变初中生现有观察力水平,提升中学生的观察能力:一、激发学生观察兴趣,例如(1)开展社会调查增强学生对社会的关注度;(2)通过校园论坛等形式帮助学生获取社会信息;(3)通过“时政五分钟演讲”等形式使学生主动观察社会;二、教给学生科学观察方法,例如(1)利用思想品德课知识教会学生分析社会现象;(2)明确观察的细节;三、利用社会实践等形式锻炼学生观察能力;例如(1)开展“争做志愿者”活动;(2)布置开放性假期作业;(3)让学生进行职业体验。本文旨在通过问卷调查了解苏北地区农村中学学生观察力发展中所存在的问题与不足,使广大一线教师认识到观察力在学习中的重要作用,分析原因有针对性地提出切实可行的对策。
[Abstract]:Ideological and moral course is an education course of socialist modern civic literacy which aims at cultivating students' core accomplishment (political identity, rational spirit, consciousness of rule of law, public participation). As one of the elements of intelligence, observation is also an important embodiment of civil rational spirit, legal consciousness and public participation ability. Students obtain first-hand information through careful observation. Observation activities can help students to find problems, understand problems and provide solutions. It is a process of inquiry, which can enhance students' enthusiasm for learning. In the curriculum standards of various subjects, the importance of the cultivation of observational ability is mentioned. Therefore, for the educational departments and the majority of first-line teachers, it is an urgent problem to improve the students' observation ability. This paper collects and arranges the domestic and foreign literature related to observation and observation cultivation, and reinduces the connotation of observation on the basis of reading analysis. First of all, the author analyzes the connotation of observation and observation, on the basis of summing up the analysis results, a questionnaire about the present situation of observation ability of junior high school students is compiled. The present situation and shortcomings of junior high school students' observation ability are preliminarily understood, and the causes are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward. Through the data analysis of the questionnaire, it is found that most students are very interested in observation, but the present situation of students' observation is not optimistic. To sum up, it is not difficult to find that the present situation of the observation ability of junior high school students has the following five main deficiencies: 1) the students lack the relevant basic knowledge of the subject, and they do not use the knowledge of ideological and moral lessons to observe the students. (2) the students seldom make plans in the observation activities. Moreover, the observation lack of coherence is difficult for the students to put forward questions actively during the observation process, and the serious lack of awareness of active inquiry into the problem. 4) the observation process is susceptible to the influence of irrelevant factors. In the observation process, students seldom record the phenomena and results while observing. Based on the actual investigation results, and in connection with domestic and foreign relevant literature, the author analyzes the above deficiencies and puts forward the following countermeasures, in order to expect to change the existing level of observation of junior high school students, improve the observation ability of middle school students: 1. Stimulate students' interest in observation, for example, carry out social surveys to enhance students' attention to society; (2) help students to obtain social information through campus forums; (3) enable students to take the initiative to observe society through such forms as "five-minute lectures on current politics"; second, Teaching students the methods of scientific observation, for example, using ideological and moral knowledge to teach students to analyze the details of social phenomena, third, using social practice and other forms to exercise students' observation ability; For example, 1) develop a "volunteer campaign" 2) arrange an open holiday assignment 3) allow students to have a career experience. The purpose of this paper is to understand the problems and shortcomings in the development of the students' observation ability in rural middle schools in the north of Jiangsu Province by means of a questionnaire survey, so as to make the majority of teachers realize the important role of observation in learning. Analyze the reasons and put forward some feasible countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.2

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