基于样例学习的化学平衡思维模型的构建

发布时间：2018-05-18 19:05

本文选题：样例学习 + 化学平衡　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“化学平衡”是化学反应原理的重要组成部分,是中学化学一个极其重要的概念,也始终是高考命题的重点和热点,如何更有效地分析和解决化学平衡问题一直是研究的热点课题。样例学习是学生在已有知识的基础上,通过阅读和思考样例,领会问题解决的新知识并掌握其应用的过程。本研究致力于设置合适的样例,使学生通过样例学习构建化学平衡思维模型,并测试样例学习对不同学生的思维模型构建的影响。论文首先从样例学习、化学平衡、思维模型三个方面进行了已有研究的概述,在此基础上根据样例理论和近5年高考题中化学平衡试题分析,提出样例设计的策略与原则,并设计出化学平衡样例。实践研究方面,对实验组和对照组统一实施化学平衡基础知识的前测,结合样例材料、练习材料和测验材料,对样例学习对不同类型学生思维模型构建的影响、不同题型样例学习效果进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)样例学习对学生化学平衡思维模型的构建有明显的促进作用。(2)不同类型学生通过样例学习构建化学平衡思维模型的效果不同。学优生和学中生两类学生在使用样例学习上的效果高度显著,尤以学优生效果更显著,学困生无明显差异。 (3)通过样例学习构建化学平衡思维模型对不同题目效果不同。在近迁移和中迁移题目上,样例学习未体现出明显的优势,而在远迁移题目上,通过样例学习能大幅度提高学生化学平衡思维模型迁移应用水平。
[Abstract]:"Chemical balance" is an important component of chemical reaction principle, an extremely important concept of chemistry in middle school, and has always been the focal point and hot spot of college entrance examination. How to analyze and solve the chemical equilibrium problem more effectively has been a hot topic. Sample learning is a process for students to grasp the new knowledge of problem solving and master its application through reading and thinking on the basis of existing knowledge. The purpose of this study is to set up appropriate samples to make students construct chemical equilibrium thinking model through sample learning, and to test the influence of sample learning on the construction of different students' thinking models. Firstly, the paper summarizes the existing research from three aspects of sample study, chemical balance and thinking model. Based on the analysis of the sample theory and the chemical balance test in the recent 5 years college entrance examination, the strategies and principles of the sample design are put forward. A chemical equilibrium sample was designed. In the aspect of practical research, the pre-test of the basic knowledge of chemical balance was carried out in the experimental group and the control group, and the influence of sample learning on the construction of different types of students' thinking model was studied by combining the sample material, the practice material and the test material. The learning effect of different test samples was studied. The results show that: (1) sample learning can obviously promote the construction of chemical balance thinking model of students. (2) different types of students have different effects on the construction of chemical equilibrium thinking model through sample learning. The effects of the two types of students were highly significant, especially those of the excellent students, but there was no significant difference between the students with learning difficulties and the students with learning difficulties. 3) the effect of chemical balance thinking model on different subjects is different. On the topic of near transfer and middle transfer, the sample learning does not show obvious advantages, but on the distant transfer topic, example learning can greatly improve the application level of students' chemical balance thinking model transfer.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8

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