贵州城镇大班额现象及其化解路径研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 23:12

本文选题：大班额 + 学习质量　；参考：《贵州财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：城镇化的进城使得农村人口快速向城镇转移,九年义务教育的普及使得中小学学生数量增加,导致了城镇中小学学龄儿童的急剧增加。学生的持续增加又引起了学校班级规模的超标,进而给学校的教学和管理带来了很大的压力。近些年来,班级规模成了教育领域中一个热门话题,尤其是在外来人口多的城市,大班额现状下的教学质量和学生管理问题堪忧,比如学习环境的恶化、师生互动的减少以及学生学习内驱力的下降,这些问题的出现对学生学习的质量造成了很大的负面影响,在这种背景下,应当从学生学习质量出发,探讨合适的班级规模以及在大班额环境下对教学和管理的改革。本研究首先对国内外大班额研究的现状进行了整理和分析,对大班额的产生、发展和现状做出一个比较完整的梳理和总结,然后对贵州省六盘水市的几所中学进行调研,分别选取了正常班级规模的班级和典型的超规模班级进行比较。利用发放问卷的形式对学生的学习状况进行了解,并选取几位学生和老师进行访谈,对大班额现象给学生和教师带来的影响进行更深层次的探讨,进而对所收集的数据和访谈记录进行分析和整理,呈现出目前在西部地区大班额现状以及该现状给学生的学习和老师的教学和管理工作所来带的影响,其中包括拥挤的学习环境、教学进度的缓慢、教学效果的下降以及班集体管理出现的难题。最后根据义务教育学校管理标准和影响学习质量的因素提出教学和管理策略改进意见,在硬件设施方面,应当从合理布局学校、优化座位编排和优化学习环境等方面着手,但是大班额现象的解决不能仅仅依靠降低班级学生数额来解决,在教学方面,老师要充分了解大班额的特征,在教学技能和管理技巧方面针对大班额状况进行改革,比如鼓励同学之间的课外作业合作、改变以老师为主导地位的教学模式和关注学生的精神和心灵等手段。大班额给学生造成的不仅仅是学习环境上的影响,更给学生的身心发展和学习内驱力造成了消极的影响,所以针对大班额现象的改革要从学生自身的可持续性发展和能力的培养上出发。只有明确了改革的方法和方向,才能从根本上解决大班额的难题。该研究以实际调研资料和数据为基础,呈现出了西部地区普遍大班额现象的基本状况,对今后教学改革长远规划和科学决策提供具有参考价值和现实意义的意见和决策。
[Abstract]:The urbanization makes the rural population move rapidly to the town, and the popularization of nine-year compulsory education makes the number of primary and middle school students increase, which leads to the sharp increase of the urban primary and secondary school children. The continuous increase of students leads to the exceeding of the class size, which brings great pressure to the teaching and management of the school. In recent years, class size has become a hot topic in the field of education, especially in cities with large foreign populations, where the quality of teaching and student management under the current situation of large class size are worrying, such as the deterioration of the learning environment. With the decrease of teacher-student interaction and the decrease of students' learning drive, the emergence of these problems has a great negative impact on the quality of students' learning. In this context, we should proceed from the quality of students' learning. To explore the appropriate class size and the reform of teaching and management under the environment of large class size. In this study, the current situation of large class research at home and abroad is first sorted and analyzed, and the generation, development and current situation of large class size are summarized. Then, several middle schools in Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, are investigated. The normal class size and the typical super-scale class are compared respectively. Using the form of questionnaires to understand the learning situation of students, and selected several students and teachers for interviews, the phenomenon of large class size on the impact of students and teachers for a deeper discussion, Then the collected data and interview records are analyzed and collated, showing the current situation of large class size in the western region and its influence on students' learning and teachers' teaching and management work. These include the crowded learning environment, the slow progress of teaching, the decline of teaching effect and the problems of class collective management. Finally, according to the management standards of compulsory education schools and the factors affecting the quality of learning, the suggestions for improving teaching and management strategies are put forward. In terms of hardware facilities, we should start with the rational layout of schools, the optimization of seating arrangement and the optimization of learning environment, etc. However, the problem of large class size cannot be solved only by reducing the number of class students. In teaching, teachers should fully understand the characteristics of large class size and reform the situation of large class size in terms of teaching skills and management skills. For example, encourage homework cooperation among students, change teacher-dominated teaching mode and pay attention to students' spirit and soul. Large class size not only has a negative impact on students' learning environment, but also has a negative impact on their physical and mental development and learning drive. Therefore, the reform of large class size should start from the sustainable development and ability cultivation of students themselves. Only when the reform method and direction are defined, can the problem of large class size be solved fundamentally. Based on the actual investigation data and data, this study presents the basic situation of the phenomenon of large class size in the western region, and provides reference value and practical significance for the long-term planning and scientific decision making of the teaching reform in the future.
【学位授予单位】：贵州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G639.2

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