化学师范生学情探查能力的现状与发展研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 09:58

本文选题：学情 + 探查　；参考：《鲁东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着新课改的不断深入,生本教育的思想渐渐扎根于各科教学中。在这种教育思想的引领下学情探查必然受到了教师的格外关注。“学情探查”能力相应也成为师范生应具备的从事教学设计和教学研究的一种能力。理论研究和实际观察发现学情分析、学情探查能力是教师与学生有效沟通、交流的一种新型教学能力。本论文从教学设计、教学创新、有效教学、意义建构等角度明确了学情分析、学情探查的意义。指出只有进行扎实的学情分析才能掌握学生认知发展过程、打破化学教学设计的神秘感、减少师范生当中不接地气的“表演性”教学设计作品的出现。基于对化学师范生“学情探查”能力研究的重要性和可行性,本论文选取了一定数目的应届化学师范类毕业生为研究对象,采用“调查问卷”与“访谈法”等,进行了多方面、多角度的观察、调查等研究。首先论文以概述的形式对学情分析、学情探查的内涵、关系以及研究意义、研究方法等进行了阐述,接着又将学情分析能力比较细致地划分为“学情分析意识的自觉性、学情信息采集渠道多元化、学情探查行为方法的科学性和探查结果利用的主动性创新性”方面四个一级指标。根据学情分析能力的构成要素和行为表现两个方面设计了调查问卷。再选择一定数量的师范生进行学情分析能力现状的问卷调查。收集、统计、分析相关的调查数据,结合师范生的访谈,发现目前师范生学情分析能力的现状和存在的问题,提出了应该纠正教学设计过程中学情分析走过场、学情信息不准确的做法。同时结合化学教学设计的实际课题对探索如何进行学情探查、如何借助学情探查结果、寻找教学前、后学生发展的差异和空隙,以及如何根据化学教学的特点进行创新性的教学设计等问题进行了研究。开展此课题研究的根本目的是转变师范生在学情分析过程中出现的纰漏和差错,提高教学设计的精准性。本论文选择鲁教版初中——“溶液的形成”这个典型的课题进行了较深入的探查,解决了教学设计中避重就轻、避难就易和避过程就结果的问题,在探查的基础上建立了溶液认识发展模型。在“乙酸”的教学设计中针对于课前进行了学情分析。在课前的学情分析中,主要运用访谈法的方式获取学情。通过对访谈结果的进一步分析确定了教学设计的每一个环节。从生活实际入手,并将有关“酸”的发展历史制作成视频,让学生不仅学会了课本知识也注重人文方面的熏陶,这也是学生的兴趣所在。在课中的学情分析也是必要的,主要表现为及时根据学生的反馈调整教学进度、教学重点难点以及讲授的方法等,真实的课堂与预设的课堂还有一定的差距,这就要求教育者具有较强的教育机智,能掌握整节课的节奏,达到较好的教学效果。课后的学情分析主要体现在要关注学生的反馈,为今后教学提供指导。最后部分是总结与展望,该部分是对前几章的总结,并提出了论文中的不足之处以及该课题可以继续研究的方向。又根据对现状的分析,提出相应的建议及对策。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the new curriculum reform, the idea of the education is gradually rooted in the teaching of various subjects. Under the guidance of this educational thought, the exploration of the learning situation is bound to be paid more attention by the teachers. It is a new teaching ability to communicate and communicate effectively between teachers and students. This paper has clearly defined the significance of the analysis of the learning situation and the exploration of the situation from the perspectives of teaching design, teaching innovation, effective teaching and meaning construction. To break the mystical sense of chemistry teaching design, reduce the appearance of "performing" teaching design which is ungrounded in normal students. Based on the importance and feasibility of the study on the ability to explore the ability of the students in chemical normal school, this paper selects a certain number of graduates as the research object, and adopts the questionnaire. With the "interview method" and so on, many aspects, multi angle observation, investigation and so on are carried out. First of all, the paper expounds the analysis of the learning situation, the connotation, the relationship and the significance of the study, the research methods and so on. There are four first grade indicators in the aspects of the diversity of information collection channels, the scientific nature of the methods of learning and the initiative innovation of the exploration results. The questionnaire is designed according to the two aspects of the constituent elements and behavior performance of the learning ability analysis ability, and a number of normal students are selected to investigate the status of the ability to analyze the learning situation. Collect, statistics, analyze the relevant survey data, combine with the interview of normal students, find the present situation and existing problems of the analysis ability of the normal students' learning situation, and put forward the practice of correcting the analysis of the middle school situation in the teaching design process and the inaccurate information of the learning information. The basic purpose of the research is to change the mistakes and mistakes of the students in the process of the analysis of the learning situation and to improve the teaching. In this paper, the paper selects the typical subject of "the formation of solution", which is the typical subject of "the formation of solution" in this paper, which has solved the problems of light, easy and avoiding the result in the design of teaching. On the basis of exploration, the development model of solution recognition is established. To analyze the situation before class. In the analysis of the situation before class, we mainly use the way of interview to obtain the learning situation. Through the further analysis of the interview results, every link of the teaching design is determined. From the reality of life, the history of the development of "acid" is made into video, so that students not only learn the knowledge of the textbook, but also learn the knowledge of the textbook. It is also the interest of the students to pay attention to the edification of the humanities. It is also necessary to analyze the learning situation in the class. It is mainly manifested in the timely adjustment of the teaching progress, the key points and the methods of teaching according to the feedback of the students. There is a definite gap between the real class and the presupposed class, which requires the educators to have a strong teaching. It can grasp the rhythm of the whole lesson and achieve better teaching effect. The analysis of the learning situation after class is mainly reflected in the need to pay attention to the feedback of the students and provide guidance for the future teaching. The last part is the summary and prospect. This part is a summary of the previous chapters, and puts forward the shortcomings in the paper and the direction of the subject that can continue to be studied. Based on the analysis of the present situation, the corresponding suggestions and countermeasures are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8;G652

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