试论人教版高中历史必修教科书中国史内容存在的问题

发布时间：2018-06-16 18:40

本文选题：人民教育出版社 + 历史必修教科书　；参考：《东北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：史学家梁启超曾说:“史家之道德,应如鉴空衡平,是什么,照出来就是什么,有多重,称出来就有多重。”(1)由此可见,历史的真实性与客观性是史学之根本,亦为当代历史教学之前提。作为历史教学内容的文本载体,历史教科书的体例、内容直接影响着教学质量。从教科书的使用情况看,历史教科书是高中历史教学活动中师生依赖度最高的课程资源,对师生起着指导性作用;从教科书的课程内容看,历史教科书是高中学生获取正确历史知识的主要渠道,只有准确的、客观的知识内容才能促进高中生形成科学的历史知识储备、掌握正确的历史学习方法;从教科书的实际作用看,历史教科书传达了国家的意志与历史价值观,潜移默化影响高中生人生观的形成。万丈高楼平地起,历史教科书只有夯实准确知识内容之地基,辅以科学编写体例之钢筋,才能帮助学生构建严谨的、全面的历史知识体系。本文选取人教版高中历史必修教科书(人民教育出版社2007年1月第3版,2013年5月吉林第6次印刷)为研究对象,尝试对其进行整体上的分析,指出中国史具体内容的不足,从课标的规定、历史学科的特点、教科书编写者主观因素等方面探讨教科书存在问题的原因,最后提出改善历史教科书编写的办法。本文由引言、正文、结语三个部分组成。引言包括选题缘由及意义、文献研究综述、研究内容及研究方法,对本篇论文的书写思路、参考文献和研究方法进行简要概述。正文分为三个部分:第一部分,笔者分析现行人教版历史必修教科书概况,包括其特点和宏观上存在的不足,有利于师生全面地认识和运用教科书。现行人教版历史必修教科书呈现整体结构基础性与创新性兼顾、单元结构专题化、课文结构注重探究性等特点。此外,该版教科书在整体性、全面性、趣味性与时代性方面有所欠缺。第二部分,着重探讨现行人教版高中历史必修教科书中国史内容存在的问题,包括结论性错误、引用与表述不当、年代与数字错误、图片与文字不符、存在争议与有待商榷五部分。笔者结合涉及相关历史现象与历史问题的文献、著作,尝试对中国史内容不足之处进行论证,力求做到有理有据、论从史出。第三部分,笔者首先从课标的要求、历史知识本身特点、编写者主观因素三个角度考察导致历史教科书出现问题的原因。然后,站在一线历史教师的角度尝试提出解决办法。笔者不仅对编写团队提出建议,还针对教科书已存在的问题,进一步提出在实际教学过程中将教科书“缺陷”变为教学亮点,培养学生质疑精神和探究能力等教学策略。结语对本篇论文进行总结,并提出笔者的思考:是否可以一分为二看教科书,冲破教科书束缚?最后阐述笔者关于完善教科书的想法。综上所述,历史教科书的重要性不容忽视,为了实现历史课程“提高现代公民人文素养、促进学生全面发展”的目的,必须心怀求实的治史态度,对历史教科书“锱铢必较”。历史教科书的编写工作十分庞杂,历史知识亦如浩瀚云烟,笔者凭借浅薄的研究水平,对人教版现行历史必修教科书中国史知识内容不足之处进行探讨,以期起到抛砖引玉的作用。本人才疏学浅,文中必有疏漏或不当之处,望学者前辈批评指正。
[Abstract]:The historian Liang Qichao once said: "the moral of the historian should be like the balance of the air, what it is, what is it, the multiplicity and the multiplicity." (1) it can be seen that the authenticity and objectivity of the history are the basis of history and the premise of the teaching of the history. From the use of textbooks, history textbooks are the most dependent curriculum resources of teachers and students in high school history teaching activities, which play a guiding role for teachers and students. From the curriculum content of textbooks, history textbooks are the main channels for high school students to acquire positive historical knowledge, only accurate and objective. The knowledge content can promote the high school students to form the scientific historical knowledge reserve and grasp the correct historical learning methods. From the practical role of the textbooks, the history textbooks convey the state's will and historical values, which imperceptibly influence the formation of the outlook on life of the high school students. The foundation of understanding content, supplemented by the scientific compilation of the steel bar, can help students to build a rigorous and comprehensive historical knowledge system. This article selected the subject of high school history compulsory textbook (third edition of the people's education press in January 2007, sixth printing in Jilin in May 2013) as the research object, trying to analyze it as a whole and point out The inadequacy of the specific content of the history of the country, from the provisions of the curriculum, the characteristics of the history subject, the subjective factors of the textbook writers, and so on, discusses the reasons for the problems in the textbook, and finally puts forward the methods to improve the compilation of the history textbooks. This article is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction includes the reason and significance of the topic, literature review and research. The content and research methods are briefly summarized. The text is divided into three parts. The text is divided into three parts: the first part, the author analyzes the general situation of the compulsory history textbook of the current human teaching edition, including its characteristics and the shortcomings in the macro. It is beneficial to the teachers and students to fully understand and use the textbooks. The version of the edition of historical compulsory textbooks presents the characteristics of both the basic structure of the whole structure and the innovation, the thematic structure of the unit structure and the exploration of the text structure. In addition, the textbook is deficient in the aspects of integrity, comprehensiveness, interest and times. The second part focuses on the discussion of the content of the history of the Chinese history of the high school history textbook of high school. There are five parts of the problem, such as concluding mistakes, improper quotes and expressions, errors of age and numbers, disagreement between pictures and characters. There are disputes and questions to be discussed. The author tries to demonstrate the shortcomings of Chinese history with a combination of literature on related historical and historical issues, and tries to justifiably be justified, from history to third. In part, the author first examines the causes of the problems in the history textbooks from the requirements of the curriculum standards, the characteristics of the historical knowledge itself and the subjective factors of the writers. Then, the author tries to put forward a solution from the point of view of the teachers of the first line history. The author not only proposes a proposal for the writing team, but also aims at the problems existing in the textbook, and further proposes the problems existing in the textbook. In the actual teaching process, the textbook "defect" is turned into a teaching highlight, and the students are trained to challenge the teaching strategy of spirit and inquiry ability. The conclusion is summed up in this paper, and the author's thoughts are as follows: is it possible to split the textbook and break the book's bondage? Finally, the author expounds the idea of perfecting the textbook. The importance of history textbooks can not be ignored. In order to realize the purpose of "improving the humanistic quality of modern citizens and promoting the all-round development of the students", the history curriculum must have a realistic attitude to the history of history and the history textbook. The writing of history textbooks is very complex and the historical knowledge is also like the vast cloud. The shallow research level is to discuss the deficiency of the knowledge content of the Chinese history of the current historical compulsory textbook of the human education edition, in order to play the role of throwing bricks into jade.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.51

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