“小老师”式教学形式在初中历史课堂中的探究

发布时间：2018-06-23 21:07

本文选题：“小老师”式教学形式 + 课堂教学　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国家新一轮课程改革的不断推进,学校教育中逐渐将“以生为本”的教育理念作为教育教学改革的方向标。近十年以来,历史学科为了落实教学育人的目标,在学科教学中不断的创新教学模式。笔者的工作单位中山市溪角初级中学结合新课改的指导精神,根据本地区教育教学的实际情况,结合教情和学情,经过七年的教育教学实践,在不断的摸索和不断的改进中,创新的推出了一种新型的教学形式——“小老师”式教学形式。教师根据教育教学的具体内容,将学生力所能及解决的内容交给学生这位“小老师”来带领着同伴一起解决。“小老师”在课堂中根据具体的教学内容可以自由的选择“展讲”(“小老师”上讲台展示,协助同伴掌握知识)、“群讲”(“小老师”在小组中一对多数展示,协助同伴掌握知识)、“对讲”(“小老师”师徒结对的方式一对一展示,协助同伴掌握知识)等方式进行授课。在绪论部分,笔者介绍了本文选题的缘由,是基于落实国家教育目的、是基于笔者工作单位的实际情况和基于促进学生的全面发展的需要来选题的。笔者研究的“小老师”式教学形式的意义,是为了更好的推动国家课程改革的进程、促进学生和教师的发展和提高学生的历史素养。笔者对本选题的研究是采用文献研究法、实验研究法和案例研究法等方法。本文正文部分共分为四个部分:第一部分阐述了“小老师”式教学形式的定义,以及其在笔者工作单位中的实验背景、实验经过、验收标准。“小老师”式教学形式的提出与实践是基于时代、学生、教师的共同需求而提出的。这种创新型的教学形式在笔者的工作单位中经历了理论酝酿、分阶段实施和全面推行等阶段。第二部分阐述了“小老师”式教学形式的特点、优缺点。这种教学形式的命名形象贴切,是教师根据教育教学的内容,让学生来当“小老师”,让“小老师”选取合适的教育教学的方法来向同伴传授知识,教授其它的学生也掌握相应的知识和学习的方法。第三部分以初中历史课堂实录——《辛亥革命》一课为课例,以小见大,详细具体的介绍“小老师”式教学形式。笔者通过解读课程标准对《辛亥革命》一课的要求并具体分析教材和学情,得出应用“小老师”式教学形式来上课能有效的提高课堂效率、落实教育目的和促进学生的全面发展。笔者以《辛亥革命》一课为案例,详细阐述这种授课模式师生在课前做的准备,师生上课的经过,包括导入、新授、小结和练习,具体展示这种教学形式的运行。第四部分阐述的是“小老师”式教学形式在初中历史课堂中推广使用的建议。“小老师”式教学形式是一种因需而生的教学形式,因其实践的时间较短因而还存在一定需要改进的问题。笔者认为此教学形式还应解决的问题是如何缩短“小老师”培养的时间、如何扩大“小老师”体验者的人数、师生如何对“小老师”进行有效评价和家、校如何有效合作推动“小老师”制的发展。
[Abstract]:With the continuous promotion of a new round of curriculum reform in the country, the education concept of "taking life as the base" is gradually taken as the direction of education and teaching reform in school education. In the past ten years, in order to carry out the goal of teaching and educating people, the history subject has been innovating teaching mode in the course of teaching. The author's work unit is Zhongshan Xi Jiao junior high school. According to the guiding spirit of the new curriculum reform, according to the actual situation of education and teaching in the local area, combining with the teaching situation and the learning situation, after seven years of education and teaching practice, in the continuous exploration and continuous improvement, a new type of teaching form - "small teacher" type teaching form is innovating. Teachers will learn according to the specific content of education and teaching. The "little teacher" is free to choose "exhibition" in class according to the specific teaching content ("the little teacher" on the platform, to help the companion master the knowledge), "the small teacher" ("the small teacher") in the group a couple of display, In the introduction part, the author introduces the reasons for this topic, based on the implementation of the national educational purpose, based on the actual situation of the work unit of the pen and based on the comprehensive promotion of the students. The significance of the "small teacher" teaching form is to better promote the course of the national curriculum reform, promote the development of the students and teachers and improve the students' historical accomplishment. The author's research on this topic is the methods of literature research, experimental research and case study. The main part of the text is divided into four parts: the first part expounds the definition of the "little teacher" teaching form, and the experimental background, the experiment course and the acceptance standard in the author's work unit. The proposal and practice of the "small teacher" style teaching form is based on the common needs of the times, the students and the teachers. The second part expounds the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of the "small teacher" style teaching form. The name of this kind of teaching form is appropriate to the teacher according to the content of education and teaching, let the students to be the "small teacher", let the "small teacher" choose. The appropriate methods of teaching and teaching to impart knowledge to the companions, and the other students to master the corresponding knowledge and learning methods. The third part of the junior middle school history class record - "the revolution of 1911" as an example, a small, detailed and detailed introduction of the "small teacher" form of teaching. The author through the interpretation of the curriculum standard "Xinhai" The requirements of the first lesson and the specific analysis of the teaching material and the learning situation, the application of the "small teacher" teaching form can effectively improve the classroom efficiency, the implementation of the educational purpose and promote the overall development of the students. I take the "revolution of 1911" as a case, elaborate the preparation of the teaching mode before the class, teachers and students in class The fourth part expounds the suggestion that the "little teacher" teaching form is popularized in the junior middle school history class. The "little teacher" teaching form is a kind of teaching form due to the need, and there is still a certain need because of the short practice time. In order to improve the problem, the author believes that the problems to be solved in this teaching form are how to shorten the training time of "small teacher", how to enlarge the number of "small teacher" experience, how to evaluate the "small teacher" effectively by teachers and students, and how to cooperate effectively to promote the development of "small teacher" system.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.51

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