高三理科生运算能力的现状调查与改进对策

发布时间：2018-07-05 00:33

本文选题：数学 + 高三　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：运算能力是传统的数学三大基本能力(运算能力、思维能力、空间想象能力)之一,也是《义务教育数学课程标准(2011年版)》提出的十个核心词之一,同时列入《普通高中数学课程标准(修订稿)》“六大”核心素养(关键能力)之一。运算能力不仅影响着学生的数学成绩,还对学生的未来发展也有重要影响,而高三学生的运算能力对学生进一步学习和工作都起重要作用。本研究聚焦“高三理科生运算能力”,研究首先在相对丰富的文献研究基础上,设计高三理科生运算能力问卷调查,以及教师访谈提纲,采用分层抽样的方式,选取河南某高中的高三理科班的三个层次、每个层次各两个班级,发放学生问卷319份(有效问卷293份),访问高三理科教师9人。进而分析高中生运算能力发展的影响因素,提出进一步的改进对策。研究表明:1高三理科生的运算能力整体不容乐观,分数在[90,100]的人数为41人,占13. 99%;分数在[80,89]的人数为58人,占19. 80%;分数在[60,79]的人数为125人,占42. 66%;分数在[0,59]的人数为69人,占23. 55%其中,A1, A2班的学生的运算能力要远远好于C1 , C2班的学生。2.影响学生运算能力的因素既有内在因素,也有外在因素:(1 )外在因素集中表现为:①社会环境因素;②教学环境因素:一是教材的编排对学生数学运算的影响,二是高考对学生数学学习的影响,三是数学教师对学生数学学习以及数学运算的影响。(2)内在因素为:①非智力因素:一是学生对数学的学习兴趣;二是学生的数学学习习惯;三是学生对数学学习的信心;②数学认知结构因素;③数学思维因素。通过对教师的访谈,了解到教师对学生的运算能力也是无能为力,表示担忧,高三学生时间紧,任务重,教师们也意识到了数学运算的正确性,但是却没有理想的提高学生运算能力的策略。3.运算能力对于高三理科生而言,无论是进一步学习大学内容,还是参加工作,良好的运算能力至关重要。为了更好地提升高三理科生的运算能力,建议:首先,从“对数的计算、对式的变形”的角度综合提升学生的计算能力与代数恒等变形技能,从“正确、迅速”的角度提升学生的速算水平、验算习惯和能力。其次,培养学生的学习兴趣,激发学生学好数学的自信心,重视学生的数学学习习惯,进一步提升学生数学思维的敏捷性、灵活性和思维的广泛性,进一步完善学生的数学认知结构的。最后,进一步提升数学教师提高自身素质,进一步强化高中数学教师对于运算能力内涵的认识,以及提高教师自身的运算能力水平。
[Abstract]:Arithmetic ability is one of the three basic abilities of traditional mathematics (arithmetic ability, thinking ability, spatial imagination ability), and it is also one of the ten core words put forward in Mathematics Curriculum Standard for compulsory Education (2011 edition). At the same time, it is listed as one of the six core qualities (key competence) of ordinary high school mathematics curriculum standard (revised draft). The arithmetic ability not only affects the student's mathematics achievement, but also has the important influence to the student's future development, and the high school student's arithmetic ability plays the important role to the student's further study and the work. This study focuses on "the operational ability of senior three science students". Firstly, on the basis of relatively abundant literature research, the paper designs a questionnaire survey on the operational ability of senior three science students, as well as an outline of teacher interviews, and adopts a stratified sampling method. This paper selects three levels of senior three science classes in a senior high school in Henan province, two classes in each level, distributes 319 student questionnaires (293 valid questionnaires), and interviews 9 senior high school science teachers. Then it analyzes the influencing factors of the development of high school students' arithmetic ability, and puts forward further improvement countermeasures. The study shows that the overall computing ability of the students in Senior 1 is not optimistic. The number of students with a score of [90100] is 41, accounting for 13.3%. The number of people with a score of [80 / 89] was 58, accounting for 19. 5%. The number of people with scores of [60 / 79] was 125, accounting for 42. The number of people with scores of [0 / 59] was 69, accounting for 23. 5%. 55% of the students in Class A _ 1 and Class A _ 2 are far better than those in Class C1 and Class C2. The factors that affect the students' operational ability include both internal and external factors: (1) the external factors are mainly expressed as: 1) the social and environmental factors and 2 teaching environment factors: first, the influence of the arrangement of teaching materials on the students' mathematics operation; The second is the influence of college entrance examination on students' mathematics learning, the third is the influence of mathematics teachers on students' mathematics learning and mathematics operation. (2) the internal factors are: 1) non-intelligence factors: first, students' interest in mathematics, 2) students' learning habits of mathematics; The third is students' confidence in mathematics learning. Through interviews with teachers, we learned that there is nothing that teachers can do to students' computing ability. They expressed their concern that senior three students have tight time and heavy tasks, and teachers are also aware of the correctness of mathematical operations. However, there is no ideal strategy to improve the students' arithmetic ability. For senior three science students, it is very important for them to study university content or work. In order to improve the computing ability of senior three science students better, it is suggested that: first, from the angle of "logarithmic calculation, deformation of formula", improve the students' computing ability and algebraic identity of deformation skills, from the perspective of "correct," Rapid angle of view to improve the speed of the students, checking the habit and ability. Secondly, we should cultivate students' interest in learning, stimulate students' confidence in learning mathematics well, attach importance to students' study habits of mathematics, and further enhance the agility, flexibility and universality of students' mathematical thinking. Further improve the students' mathematical cognitive structure. Finally, further enhance mathematics teachers to improve their own quality, further strengthen the understanding of high school mathematics teachers for the connotation of computing ability, and improve the level of teachers' own computing ability.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6

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