高中生立体几何学习障碍及其对策分析
发布时间：2018-07-29 15:30
【摘要】：立体几何是高中数学的重要内容,是在初中平面几何的基础上,进一步研究空间中点、线、面之间的关系。立体几何是高中数学的重点和难点,也是历年高考必考的内容。然而,从学生的实际学习情况得知,学生对立体几何这部分内容的学习效果并不理想,主要表现在立体几何的学习中,学生往往在面对具体问题时感到束手无策。那么学生在学习立体几何时的学习态度如何;对立体几何中涉及的基本概念、定理理解如何;对把握图形的能力、几何直观与空间想象能力、逻辑推理能力如何,学生在立体几何学习中究竟存在哪些障碍都是急需研究的问题。文本通过问卷调查与测试卷的形式对六安市某中学高二206名学生从学生学习立体几何的态度、学生对立体几何基本知识的掌握程度、学生对图形的把握能力、学生对几何语言的运用能力等方进行调研,发现学生立体几何学习障碍主要分为三个方面:第一,认识障碍:立体几何学习中在图形的感知、定义定理的记忆和理解、思维判断和空间图形的想象等方面的障碍;第二,操作障碍:在知识的应用、证明方法和思路、定理以及思想方法的选择和画图等方面的障碍;第三,情感障碍:情感是人们内心对外界事物所持的肯定或者否定,积极或者消极态度的体现,包括态度的认知、情感和行为倾向三个方面的障碍。根据围绕以上障碍分析了这些障碍产生的原因,并分别提出相应的解决对策。第一,认识障碍方面:夯实基础知识,促进学生理解;加强初高中知识的衔接;规范语言教学,提高数学表达能力;切实了解学生现有认知结构和知识经验水平。第二,操作障碍方面:重视数学思想方法的教学;逐步提高学生的空间想象能力;注重数学阅读能力的培养;第三,情感障碍方面:激发学生求知欲;帮助学生明确学习目的和计划;良好和谐的师生关系。
[Abstract]:Stereoscopic geometry is an important content of high school mathematics. On the basis of the plane geometry of junior high school, the relationship between points, lines and surfaces in space is further studied. Three-dimensional geometry is the key and difficult point of high school mathematics. It is also the content of the entrance examination of the college entrance examination. However, from the actual study situation of the students, the students' study of this part of the three-dimensional geometry is learned. Learning effect is not ideal, mainly in the study of three-dimensional geometry, students often feel helpless in the face of specific problems. Then the students are learning how to learn the attitude of the three-dimensional geometry, the basic concepts involved in the stereoscopic geometry, the understanding of the theorem, the ability to grasp the graphics, the ability of geometric intuition and space imagination, logic. With the ability of reasoning, what are the obstacles that students need to study in the three-dimensional geometry learning are in urgent need of research. Through the form of questionnaire and test papers, the text of the 206 students in a secondary school in Lu'an is learning the stereoscopic geometry, the students' grasp of the basic knowledge of stereoscopic geometry, and the students' grasp of the graphics. Research on the students' ability to use geometric language and so on. It is found that the students' stereoscopic geometry learning barriers are divided into three main aspects: first, cognitive obstacle: the perception of graphics in stereoscopic geometry learning, the memory and understanding of the definition theorem, the thinking judgment and the imagination of space graphics, and the second, operation obstacle: in knowledge Application, proof of methods and ideas, theorems and the choice of ideas and methods of drawing and other obstacles; third, affective disorder: emotion is the positive or negative attitude of the people to the outside world, the embodiment of positive or negative attitude, including attitude, emotion and behavior tendency in three aspects. The causes of these obstacles are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward respectively. First, understanding obstacles: tamping the basic knowledge, promoting students' understanding, strengthening the connection of the early and high school knowledge, standardizing the language teaching, improving the ability of mathematics expression, and understanding the existing cognitive structure and knowledge experience level of the students. Second, operation barriers: Pay attention to the teaching of mathematical thinking and methods; gradually improve the students' spatial imagination; pay attention to the cultivation of mathematical reading ability; third, emotional obstacles: arouse students' desire for knowledge; help students to clear their learning goals and plans; a good and harmonious relationship between teachers and students.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6
本文编号：2153128
[Abstract]:Stereoscopic geometry is an important content of high school mathematics. On the basis of the plane geometry of junior high school, the relationship between points, lines and surfaces in space is further studied. Three-dimensional geometry is the key and difficult point of high school mathematics. It is also the content of the entrance examination of the college entrance examination. However, from the actual study situation of the students, the students' study of this part of the three-dimensional geometry is learned. Learning effect is not ideal, mainly in the study of three-dimensional geometry, students often feel helpless in the face of specific problems. Then the students are learning how to learn the attitude of the three-dimensional geometry, the basic concepts involved in the stereoscopic geometry, the understanding of the theorem, the ability to grasp the graphics, the ability of geometric intuition and space imagination, logic. With the ability of reasoning, what are the obstacles that students need to study in the three-dimensional geometry learning are in urgent need of research. Through the form of questionnaire and test papers, the text of the 206 students in a secondary school in Lu'an is learning the stereoscopic geometry, the students' grasp of the basic knowledge of stereoscopic geometry, and the students' grasp of the graphics. Research on the students' ability to use geometric language and so on. It is found that the students' stereoscopic geometry learning barriers are divided into three main aspects: first, cognitive obstacle: the perception of graphics in stereoscopic geometry learning, the memory and understanding of the definition theorem, the thinking judgment and the imagination of space graphics, and the second, operation obstacle: in knowledge Application, proof of methods and ideas, theorems and the choice of ideas and methods of drawing and other obstacles; third, affective disorder: emotion is the positive or negative attitude of the people to the outside world, the embodiment of positive or negative attitude, including attitude, emotion and behavior tendency in three aspects. The causes of these obstacles are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward respectively. First, understanding obstacles: tamping the basic knowledge, promoting students' understanding, strengthening the connection of the early and high school knowledge, standardizing the language teaching, improving the ability of mathematics expression, and understanding the existing cognitive structure and knowledge experience level of the students. Second, operation barriers: Pay attention to the teaching of mathematical thinking and methods; gradually improve the students' spatial imagination; pay attention to the cultivation of mathematical reading ability; third, emotional obstacles: arouse students' desire for knowledge; help students to clear their learning goals and plans; a good and harmonious relationship between teachers and students.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6
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