科学方法及其在高中化学教学中应用的研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 19:19

【摘要】：在这一轮的课程改革背景下,人们越来越关注科学方法的研究。通过查阅文献和现场听课发现,在教育研究领域,学者们对科学方法给与了高度重视。但在实际教学中,教师对于科学方法的应用还远远不够。这里有认知层面的问题,也有实践层面的问题。因此,对科学方法及其在教学中的应用进行研究就显得尤为重要。科学方法对提升科学素养大有助益,各个国家和民族都对科学方法给予了高度重视。20世纪上半叶,美国较早地意识到科学方法的重要性,紧随其后我国和其他一些国家也开始了对科学方法的研究。目前,国内学者对科学方法的研究主要体现在科学方法的重要性、内容、培养策略、教育原则、应用以及亟待解决的问题六个方面。具体到学科教学,尤其是在化学学科教学中科学方法的应用研究,尚属起步阶段,仍缺乏将科学方法应用于教学的总体性研究。普遍将科学方法分为三个层次。第一个层次是指应用到专门科学中的具体的研究方法;第二个层次是各门科学的一般研究方法;第三个层次是哲学方法。考虑到第一层次的具体的科学方法只适用于各个学科的特殊场合,有所局限,而最高层次的哲学方法统摄低层次的科学方法,过于广泛。因此确立研究对象为第二层次的科学方法——各门科学的一般研究方法,但仍会渗透哲学层面的思考。采用文献法和案例研究法,对科学方法的体系进行了总结,并归纳得出了科学方法运用于化学学科中时具有宏观-微观相结合、抽象程度高和高度简化与纯化的独特性。并以实验法、假说法、模型法、比较法和分类法在教学中的应用为例,通过结合科学方法自身的特点与具体教学设计片段,得出了将科学方法应用于化学教学中的实施策略。以期为广大教师在化学教学中应用科学方法提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:In this round of curriculum reform, people pay more and more attention to the research of scientific methods. Through literature review and on-site lectures, it is found that scholars attach great importance to scientific methods in the field of educational research. But in actual teaching, the application of scientific methods is far from enough. There are cognitive and practical problems. Therefore, it is very important to study the scientific method and its application in teaching. Scientific methods have greatly contributed to the improvement of scientific literacy. Countries and nations have attached great importance to scientific methods. In the first half of the 20th century, the United States realized the importance of scientific methods earlier. Immediately after that, China and some other countries began to study scientific methods. At present, the research on scientific methods is mainly reflected in six aspects, such as the importance, content, training strategy, educational principles, application and problems to be solved. The research on the application of scientific methods in the teaching of chemistry is still in its infancy, and there is still a lack of overall research on the application of scientific methods in teaching. Scientific methods are generally divided into three levels. The first level refers to the specific research methods applied to the specialized science; the second level is the general research method of each science; the third level is the philosophical method. Considering that the concrete scientific methods of the first level are only suitable for special occasions of various disciplines, there are some limitations, while the highest level philosophical methods dominate the low-level scientific methods, which are too extensive. Therefore, to establish the research object as the second level of scientific method-the general research methods of each science, but still will permeate the philosophical level of thinking. This paper summarizes the system of scientific methods by using literature and case studies, and concludes that scientific methods have the characteristics of combining macro and micro, high abstraction and high simplification and purification when applied to chemistry. Taking the application of experimental method, false statement, model method, comparative method and classification method in teaching as an example, combining the characteristics of the scientific method and the specific teaching design fragment, the implementation strategy of applying the scientific method to the chemistry teaching is obtained. In order to provide theoretical basis for teachers to apply scientific methods in chemistry teaching.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8

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