高中物理教学中培养学生批判性思维倾向的调查研究
发布时间：2018-08-04 13:06
【摘要】：批判性思维是一种高级思维过程,它决定着人们相信什么或不相信什么,能使人们善于思考与反省,做事时抓住事物本质,坚持真理不畏惧权威,并且批判性思维能帮助找到更好的解决方法。它包含三个内容:技能、情感倾向、思辨。批判性思维技能和批判性思维倾向是批判性思维的两个维度,思辨是与批判性思维倾向有着密切的关系,它是培养批判性思维倾向的着眼点。批判性思维倾向是思维的灵魂。因此。本文以批判性思维倾向为研究对象,以它的概念及其培养的相关基本理论为依据,结合新课程改革背景下《普通高中物理课程标准》(实验)中对学生思维能力培养目标的要求:培养学生的探究能力和科学素养,使学生经历科学探究的过程,尝试利用规律去解决问题,通过这些体验来提高自己分析、综合、概括能力以及最高级的评价与批判能力,采用文献研究法对批判性思维的概念特别是批判性思维倾向七个维度以及与教学的关系进行研究,这七个维度分别是寻求真理、思想开放、分析、系统、自信、好奇和成熟,它们既是理论的重点也是调查物理教学中批判性思维倾向培养的出发点。实际调查首先是根据已有的文献理论特别是关于批判性思维倾向的七个维度,使用问卷调查法,然后研究讨论找出符合培养学生批判性思维倾向的课堂教学行为,最后编制出培养学生批判性思维倾向的行为检核表,结合实际课堂观察录像,对课堂调查结果进行数据统计。得出教师在教学中培养学生的批判性思维倾向的现状:物理老师在培养学生批判性思维倾向方面,其各个分项行为存在不平衡,比如有些分项行为在课堂上经常出现,但有些分项行为很少出现等。还对年轻的新手教师和富有经验的熟手教师在培养学生批判性思维倾向方面是否存在差异进行研究,最后研究发在相同分项行为下熟手和新手教师确实存在着差异。然后根据数据分析其中的原因,并通过三种课堂实例:习题课、实验课、新授课加以佐证分析。论文最后根据实际调查结论及前人关于批判性思维培养的研究成果,针对批判性思维的七个维度提出了在物理教学中培养学生批判性思维倾向的途径和方法,具体介绍了在各个维度下,教师应该多注意加强某种教学行为。当今高中物理教师应抓住新课程改革这个契机,对学生进行批判性思维倾向的培养,使学生不盲从、不人云亦云,具有质疑精神并善于反思归纳总结。
[Abstract]:Critical thinking is a process of advanced thinking, which determines what people believe or do not believe. It enables people to be good at thinking and introspecting, to grasp the essence of things when doing things, to insist on truth and not to fear authority. And critical thinking can help find better solutions. It consists of three elements: skills, emotional tendencies, and speculation. Critical thinking skills and critical thinking tendencies are two dimensions of critical thinking, and speculative thinking is closely related to critical thinking tendency, which is the starting point of cultivating critical thinking tendency. The tendency of critical thinking is the soul of thought. therefore This paper takes the tendency of critical thinking as the object of study, based on its concept and related basic theories. According to the requirements of the students' thinking ability training goal in the background of the new curriculum reform "ordinary Senior High School Physics Curriculum Standard" (experiment): to cultivate the students' inquiry ability and scientific literacy, and to make the students experience the process of scientific inquiry. Try to use the rules to solve problems, through these experiences to improve their analysis, synthesis, generalization, and the most advanced evaluation and criticism ability, This paper studies the concept of critical thinking, especially the seven dimensions of critical thinking tendency and its relationship with teaching by literature research. These seven dimensions are truth seeking, open thinking, analysis, system, self-confidence, curiosity and maturity. They are not only the focus of theory but also the starting point of the cultivation of critical thinking tendency in physics teaching. First of all, according to the existing literature theory, especially the seven dimensions of critical thinking tendency, the questionnaire method is used, and then the classroom teaching behaviors which are in line with the cultivation of students' critical thinking tendency are studied and discussed. Finally, the behavior check table of cultivating students' critical thinking tendency is worked out, and the results of classroom investigation are statistically analyzed in combination with the actual classroom observation video. The present situation of teachers training students' critical thinking tendency in teaching is obtained: physics teachers have unbalanced behaviors in cultivating students' critical thinking tendencies, such as some itemized behaviors often appear in the classroom. However, some sub-actions rarely occur and so on. The differences between the young novice teachers and the experienced teachers in cultivating students' critical thinking tendency are also studied. Finally, the differences between the proficient teachers and the novice teachers under the same sub-behavior are studied. Then according to the data analysis of the reasons, and through three classroom examples: exercise class, experimental class, new teaching to prove the analysis. Finally, according to the actual investigation results and the previous research results on critical thinking cultivation, the paper puts forward the ways and methods of cultivating students' critical thinking tendency in physics teaching according to the seven dimensions of critical thinking. This paper introduces that teachers should pay more attention to strengthening some teaching behavior under each dimension. Nowadays high school physics teachers should seize the opportunity of the new curriculum reform to cultivate the students' critical thinking tendency so that the students do not follow blindly, do not follow others, have the spirit of questioning and be good at reflection and summary.
【学位授予单位】：海南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.7
本文编号：2163975
[Abstract]:Critical thinking is a process of advanced thinking, which determines what people believe or do not believe. It enables people to be good at thinking and introspecting, to grasp the essence of things when doing things, to insist on truth and not to fear authority. And critical thinking can help find better solutions. It consists of three elements: skills, emotional tendencies, and speculation. Critical thinking skills and critical thinking tendencies are two dimensions of critical thinking, and speculative thinking is closely related to critical thinking tendency, which is the starting point of cultivating critical thinking tendency. The tendency of critical thinking is the soul of thought. therefore This paper takes the tendency of critical thinking as the object of study, based on its concept and related basic theories. According to the requirements of the students' thinking ability training goal in the background of the new curriculum reform "ordinary Senior High School Physics Curriculum Standard" (experiment): to cultivate the students' inquiry ability and scientific literacy, and to make the students experience the process of scientific inquiry. Try to use the rules to solve problems, through these experiences to improve their analysis, synthesis, generalization, and the most advanced evaluation and criticism ability, This paper studies the concept of critical thinking, especially the seven dimensions of critical thinking tendency and its relationship with teaching by literature research. These seven dimensions are truth seeking, open thinking, analysis, system, self-confidence, curiosity and maturity. They are not only the focus of theory but also the starting point of the cultivation of critical thinking tendency in physics teaching. First of all, according to the existing literature theory, especially the seven dimensions of critical thinking tendency, the questionnaire method is used, and then the classroom teaching behaviors which are in line with the cultivation of students' critical thinking tendency are studied and discussed. Finally, the behavior check table of cultivating students' critical thinking tendency is worked out, and the results of classroom investigation are statistically analyzed in combination with the actual classroom observation video. The present situation of teachers training students' critical thinking tendency in teaching is obtained: physics teachers have unbalanced behaviors in cultivating students' critical thinking tendencies, such as some itemized behaviors often appear in the classroom. However, some sub-actions rarely occur and so on. The differences between the young novice teachers and the experienced teachers in cultivating students' critical thinking tendency are also studied. Finally, the differences between the proficient teachers and the novice teachers under the same sub-behavior are studied. Then according to the data analysis of the reasons, and through three classroom examples: exercise class, experimental class, new teaching to prove the analysis. Finally, according to the actual investigation results and the previous research results on critical thinking cultivation, the paper puts forward the ways and methods of cultivating students' critical thinking tendency in physics teaching according to the seven dimensions of critical thinking. This paper introduces that teachers should pay more attention to strengthening some teaching behavior under each dimension. Nowadays high school physics teachers should seize the opportunity of the new curriculum reform to cultivate the students' critical thinking tendency so that the students do not follow blindly, do not follow others, have the spirit of questioning and be good at reflection and summary.
【学位授予单位】：海南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.7
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