基于科学方法的沪科版化学《练习部分》习题研究

发布时间：2018-08-05 16:04

【摘要】：科学方法是人们在认识和改造客观世界的实践活动中形成的有效的规则、方式和手段。加强科学方法教育是当前课程改革的需要和课程标准所提出“过程与方法”的要求。科学方法教育是现代科学教育中非常注重的方面,是帮助学生理解科学过程和科学本质、培养科学精神和提高科学素养的重要途径,在中学阶段实施科学方法教育可以培养学生的科学素养。习题是教材的重要组成部分,有其独特的教学功能,体现着化学学科的特点。但习题中是否蕴含着化学科学方法,能否用来进行科学方法教育呢?笔者以沪科版教材的配套练习部分作为研究对象,在查阅了相关科学方法和科学方法教育文献的基础上,建立了适合于习题的科学方法分析工具。从科学方法的角度,进行了相应的分析研究,发现了科学方法在这套习题中体现的优势与不足,提出了基于科学方法的高中化学练习部分习题编制的相关建议。研究结果表明:(1)沪科版练习部分中的大多数习题中体现着科学方法,科学方法的体现涉及面广。(2)各种知识类型的习题运用科学方法的特点不同。(3)习题更多地运用逻辑思维的方法来寻求某些题目的答案,往往会陷入以化学为背景进行思维训练的模式。本研究对从科学方法的角度分析习题有一定的借鉴意义,并且对后续高中化学练习部分的习题编制有一定帮助。
[Abstract]:Scientific methods are the effective rules, methods and means formed in the practice of understanding and transforming the objective world. Strengthening the education of scientific methods is the need of current curriculum reform and the requirement of "process and method" put forward by curriculum standard. Scientific method education is a very important aspect in modern science education. It is an important way to help students understand the process and essence of science, cultivate scientific spirit and improve scientific literacy. The implementation of scientific method education in the middle school stage can cultivate students' scientific literacy. Exercise is an important part of teaching material. It has its unique teaching function and embodies the characteristics of chemistry. But whether the exercises contain chemical scientific methods, can they be used for scientific methods education? On the basis of consulting the relevant scientific methods and the educational literature of scientific methods, the author establishes a scientific method analysis tool suitable for exercises. From the point of view of scientific methods, this paper analyzes and studies the scientific methods, finds out the advantages and disadvantages of scientific methods in this set of exercises, and puts forward some relevant suggestions for compiling some exercises of chemistry exercises in senior high schools based on scientific methods. The results show that: (1) most of the exercises in the Huke edition reflect the scientific method. The embodiment of scientific methods involves a wide range of aspects. (2) the characteristics of using scientific methods are different in the exercise of various types of knowledge. (3) the exercise uses the method of logical thinking more often to find the answers to some questions. Often fall into the chemical background of thinking training mode. This study has some reference significance for analyzing exercises from the angle of scientific methods, and it is helpful for the preparation of exercises in chemistry exercises in the following senior high school.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8

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