基于FCI的力学概念相异构想案例研究
发布时间：2018-09-14 12:05
【摘要】：教育兴国已经成为全世界的共识,人才是当今世界国家立足之本。每个国家都十分重视基础科学研究,而作为科学学科的物理尤其充当了不可或缺的角色。无论是在高等院校中学者们的前沿研究,还是在初等教育甚至幼儿教育中对于学生的科学素养的培养,国家投入了大量的人力、物力、财力,可见当局者对于物理教育的重视程度。但科学研究表明:传统教育将学生在正式学习之前的状态认定为无知,因此需要教师将人类沉淀的生活智慧传递到学生手中的认知是错误的。学生是能动的主体,并不是完全对即将学习的知识一无所知。而物理学与生活紧密相联,物理现象更是在生活实践中被人们发现,因此,在生活中,学生已经对一些物理现象有了自己的主观判断,尽管这些认识鱼龙混杂,需要经过正规学习加以矫正,但是教育不能低估、否认学生的主观认识,而应该合理利用并极力扭转学生的错误认识。而这些存在于正式学习之前的错误认识,就称之为学生头脑内的相异构想。为调查学生头脑内的相异构想,本研究通过对文献的梳理,了解前人对于本课题的研究成果,具体总结了相异构想这一术语的提出,以及与之相关的容易混淆的术语,并对有关的术语进行语义辨析,从而提炼出本研究所使用的相异构想的具体概念内涵,明确概念之间的界定。在具体的调研阶段,结合实习所在学校实际情况,选取两个平行班级的全体学生作为研究对象,使用国际上通用的力学概念测试量表FCI,英文全称是Force Concept Inventory,经过数据的处理及分析,整理学生客观存在的关于牛顿力学相关概念的相异构想概念具体有哪些;在与被调研学生的授课教师的访谈中归纳学生产生相异构想的特点及原因,针对以上相异构想的成因,提出相应的教学建议,为扭转学生头脑内的相异构想贡献自己的绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:Education has become the consensus of the world, talent is the foundation of the world. Every country attaches great importance to basic scientific research, and physics, as a scientific discipline, plays an indispensable role. The state has invested a great deal of manpower, material and financial resources in the cultivation of students' scientific literacy, whether in the advanced research of scholars in colleges and universities, or in primary education or even in early childhood education. It can be seen that the authorities attach importance to physics education. However, scientific research shows that traditional education regards students' state before formal study as ignorance, so it is wrong to require teachers to transfer human beings' wisdom of life to students' hands. Students are dynamic subjects and are not completely ignorant of what they are about to learn. Physics is closely related to life, and physical phenomena are found in the practice of life. Therefore, in life, students have their own subjective judgment on some physical phenomena, although these understandings are mixed. It needs to be corrected through formal learning, but education should not be underestimated, denying students' subjective knowledge, but should be used reasonably and try their best to reverse students' wrong understanding. These misconceptions before formal study are called different ideas in students' minds. In order to investigate the different ideas in the students' minds, this study, through the review of the literature, understands the previous research results on this subject, and summarizes the term "different ideas", as well as the confusing terms associated with it. The related terms are analyzed by semantic analysis, so as to extract the specific conceptual connotation of the different ideas used in this study, and clarify the definition between the concepts. In the specific research stage, combined with the actual situation of the school where the practice place, two parallel classes of all students as the research object, By using the universal mechanical concept test scale (FCI,), which is called "Force Concept Inventory,", through data processing and analysis, what are the different conceptions about Newton mechanics related concepts that exist among students? In the interview with the teaching teachers of the investigated students, the characteristics and reasons of the students' different ideas are summarized, and the corresponding teaching suggestions are put forward in the light of the causes of the above different ideas. In order to reverse the different ideas in the minds of students to contribute their modest efforts.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7
[Abstract]:Education has become the consensus of the world, talent is the foundation of the world. Every country attaches great importance to basic scientific research, and physics, as a scientific discipline, plays an indispensable role. The state has invested a great deal of manpower, material and financial resources in the cultivation of students' scientific literacy, whether in the advanced research of scholars in colleges and universities, or in primary education or even in early childhood education. It can be seen that the authorities attach importance to physics education. However, scientific research shows that traditional education regards students' state before formal study as ignorance, so it is wrong to require teachers to transfer human beings' wisdom of life to students' hands. Students are dynamic subjects and are not completely ignorant of what they are about to learn. Physics is closely related to life, and physical phenomena are found in the practice of life. Therefore, in life, students have their own subjective judgment on some physical phenomena, although these understandings are mixed. It needs to be corrected through formal learning, but education should not be underestimated, denying students' subjective knowledge, but should be used reasonably and try their best to reverse students' wrong understanding. These misconceptions before formal study are called different ideas in students' minds. In order to investigate the different ideas in the students' minds, this study, through the review of the literature, understands the previous research results on this subject, and summarizes the term "different ideas", as well as the confusing terms associated with it. The related terms are analyzed by semantic analysis, so as to extract the specific conceptual connotation of the different ideas used in this study, and clarify the definition between the concepts. In the specific research stage, combined with the actual situation of the school where the practice place, two parallel classes of all students as the research object, By using the universal mechanical concept test scale (FCI,), which is called "Force Concept Inventory,", through data processing and analysis, what are the different conceptions about Newton mechanics related concepts that exist among students? In the interview with the teaching teachers of the investigated students, the characteristics and reasons of the students' different ideas are summarized, and the corresponding teaching suggestions are put forward in the light of the causes of the above different ideas. In order to reverse the different ideas in the minds of students to contribute their modest efforts.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7
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