中学化学趣味实验的开发及应用研究

发布时间：2018-10-07 18:26

【摘要】：化学教育的目的是激发学生学习化学的好奇心,引导学生认识物质世界的变化规律形成化学基本观念。而化学实验是启迪学生的科学思维、培养实践能力,引导学生认识化学与技术、社会、环境之间的关系,提高科学素养的重要途径。趣味化学实验能够通过生动有趣的实验传授化学知识,更能有效激发学生的学习兴趣和求知欲望,活跃课堂氛围,攻克教学难点,启发学生思维,最终达到培养学生对科学的热爱与追求,提升科学素养、提高个人修为的目的。本研究以建构主义学习理论、有意义学习理论、“做中学”理论为依据,遵循趣味实验开发的科学性、安全性、简约可行性、生活化等原则,利用化学反应中的颜色变化、物质状态变化、改进实验装置、加入“魔术”元素等方式从化学教学、日常生活两个方面收集素材开发了系列化的趣味化学实验;通过大量的实验探究,得出实验的最佳条件;采用文字、图片、视频相结合的方式清晰呈现开发的实验,通过线上、线下的方式传播推广,便于学生和教师观看使用,最后生成优质的教学资源。本研究采用在实习教学班级中实践和同行教师实践两种方式进行应用研究。在教学班级中采用播放趣味实验视频或者进行趣味实验的方式教学,学生对化学学科的兴趣有了明显的提升。在本市中学化学教师教研活动和“国培计划(2016)”全国教师培训项目上进行推广,得到使用趣味化学实验进行教学后课堂氛围变得更加活跃,学生回答问题的积极性有了很大的提高的反馈。实验研究表明趣味化学实验对提升学生的学习兴趣、活跃课堂氛围、提升学生对科学的热爱与追求有积极的促进作用。本研究将继续进行,不断丰富和完善趣味化学实验,将研究的成果总结成文,以专著、光盘等形式继续推广。
[Abstract]:The purpose of chemistry education is to arouse students' curiosity in learning chemistry and to guide students to understand the changing law of the material world and form the basic concept of chemistry. Chemistry experiment is an important way to enlighten students' scientific thinking, cultivate practical ability, guide students to understand the relationship between chemistry and technology, society and environment, and improve scientific literacy. Interesting chemistry experiments can teach chemistry knowledge through lively and interesting experiments, stimulate students' interest and desire to learn more effectively, activate classroom atmosphere, overcome teaching difficulties, and inspire students' thinking. Finally, the purpose of cultivating students' love and pursuit of science, improving scientific literacy and individual practice is achieved. This study is based on constructivism learning theory, meaningful learning theory, "doing learning" theory, and follows the principles of scientific, safety, simplicity, life, etc., and makes use of the color change in chemical reaction. The series of interesting chemical experiments have been developed from the aspects of chemistry teaching and daily life by means of changing the material state, improving the experimental device, adding the "magic" element, and obtaining the best conditions of the experiment through a large number of experiments. The experiment is presented clearly by the combination of text, picture and video. It is spread and popularized online and offline, which is convenient for students and teachers to watch and use. Finally, the high-quality teaching resources are generated. This research adopts the practice in the practice teaching class and the peer teacher practice two ways carries on the application research. In the teaching class, students' interest in chemistry has been obviously enhanced by playing video of interesting experiments or by means of interesting experiments. The teaching and research activities of chemistry teachers in middle schools in this city and the National teacher training Program (2016) have been popularized, and the classroom atmosphere has become more active after the use of interesting chemistry experiments for teaching. The students' enthusiasm for answering questions has been greatly improved. Experimental studies show that interesting chemistry experiments can promote students' interest in learning, active classroom atmosphere, and promote students' love and pursuit of science. This study will continue to enrich and perfect interesting chemical experiments, summarize the results of the research, and continue to promote in the form of monographs, CDs and so on.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8

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