中美公立中小学教师工资水平比较研究
发布时间：2018-10-18 12:56
【摘要】：教育的发展离不开优秀教师的供给,教师被认为是学校教育质量最重要的决定因素。而教师工资水平是影响教师队伍健康的重要因素,影响教师职业的幸福感,也是其社会经济地位的重要体现。本研究选取中美两国的中小学教师工资为比较对象,从中美两国中小学教师绝对工资的发展变化入手,同时结合中美两国物价消费指数的变化,反映中小学教师实际工资的变化。从横向水平来看,描述了中美两国中小学教师工资的地区差异,并将中美两国教师工资和其他行业工资进行了对比分析。由中小学教师工资的相对水平低,引出教师工资水平对中美两国中小学教师队伍供给的影响。论文主体包括三大部分。第一部分是我国公立中小学教师工资水平的分析,主要包括20世纪90年代以来我国中小学教师工资绝对水平和相对水平的分析。从绝对水平来看,我国中小学教师绝对工资增长较快,20年左右的时间增长了几十倍。地区之间存在明显差距,东西部教师工资高,中部地区工资低,出现凹陷的现象。从相对水平来看,在经过物价水平调整后的中小学教师实际工资增长幅度并不大,在国民经济行业排名中也靠在中等偏后的位置,与同等学历行业的工资比较,教师工资处于较低的水平。教师收入指数也较低,低于教师工资的合理水准。第二部分是美国公立中小学教师工资水平的分析。从公立中小学教师的绝对水平来看,20世纪80年代以来美国公立中小学教师工资不断增长。不同地区的公立中小学教师工资差距较大,发达地区的公立中小学教师工资高于欠发达地区的教师工资水平。从美国公立中小学教师的相对水平来看,过去30多年来,公立学校教师实际年平均工资仅在80年代有较高幅度的增长,进入90年代以来就一直处于下滑状态。2005-2015年的十年间,各个地区的公立中小学教师实际工资比不上绝对工资的增长幅度,甚至一些地区出现了负增长。将美国公立中小学教师工资与学历相当行业的工资比较来看,中小学教师工资排名倒数,职业竞争力相对较弱。第三部分对中美两国公立中小学教师工资水平进行了比较分析,教师工资水平影响中美两国中小学教师队伍的供给,包括对优秀人才的吸引、教师队伍的稳定性和教师队伍结构的影响。因而,中美两国要切实提高中小学教师工资水平,保障教师待遇,吸引优秀人才进入教师队伍。
[Abstract]:The development of education is inseparable from the supply of excellent teachers, and teachers are regarded as the most important determinants of the quality of school education. The salary level of teachers is an important factor that affects the health of teachers, the well-being of teachers' profession, and the important embodiment of their social and economic status. This study selects the Chinese and American primary and middle school teachers' wages as the comparative object, starting with the development and changes of the absolute salaries of the primary and middle school teachers in China and the United States, and combining the changes of the price consumption index between China and the United States at the same time. Reflecting the change of teachers' real wages in primary and secondary schools. From the horizontal level, this paper describes the regional differences between Chinese and American primary and secondary school teachers' salaries, and makes a comparative analysis between the Chinese and American teachers' salaries and other industries' salaries. From the relative level of teachers' wages in primary and secondary schools, the influence of teachers' wage level on the supply of teachers in primary and secondary schools in China and the United States is drawn. The main body of the thesis consists of three parts. The first part is the analysis of the salary level of the public primary and middle school teachers in China, including the absolute and relative levels of the teachers' wages since the 1990s. From the absolute level, the absolute wage of primary and secondary school teachers in China has increased rapidly, and has increased tens of times in about 20 years. There are obvious differences between the regions, the teachers' wages in the east and the west are high, the wages in the central region are low, and the phenomenon of depression appears. In terms of relative level, the real wage growth rate of primary and secondary school teachers adjusted by price level is not large, and in the rank of national economy industry, it also depends on the position in the middle to the lower end, compared with the salary of the equivalent education industry. Teachers' wages are at a low level. Teachers' income index is also lower than the reasonable level of teachers' wages. The second part is the analysis of American public primary and middle school teachers' salary level. From the point of view of the absolute level of public primary and secondary school teachers, the salaries of public primary and secondary school teachers in the United States have been increasing since the 1980's. The wage gap of public primary and middle school teachers in different regions is large, and the salary of public primary and middle school teachers in developed regions is higher than that of teachers in less developed areas. Looking at the relative levels of public primary and secondary school teachers in the United States, over the past 30 years or so, the actual average annual salary of public school teachers has only increased by a relatively high rate in the 1980s, and has been in decline since the 1990s. The real wages of public primary and secondary school teachers in various regions have not increased as much as those of absolute wages, and even negative increases have occurred in some regions. Comparing the salaries of American public primary and middle school teachers with the salaries of the equivalent industries, primary and secondary school teachers rank backwards in salary, and their professional competitiveness is relatively weak. The third part makes a comparative analysis of the teachers' wage levels in public primary and secondary schools in China and the United States. The level of teachers' wages affects the supply of teachers in primary and secondary schools in China and the United States, including the attraction of talented people. The stability of the teachers and the influence of the structure of the teachers. Therefore, China and the United States should improve teachers' salaries, ensure teachers' treatment and attract talented people into the ranks of teachers.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G635.1
本文编号：2279191
[Abstract]:The development of education is inseparable from the supply of excellent teachers, and teachers are regarded as the most important determinants of the quality of school education. The salary level of teachers is an important factor that affects the health of teachers, the well-being of teachers' profession, and the important embodiment of their social and economic status. This study selects the Chinese and American primary and middle school teachers' wages as the comparative object, starting with the development and changes of the absolute salaries of the primary and middle school teachers in China and the United States, and combining the changes of the price consumption index between China and the United States at the same time. Reflecting the change of teachers' real wages in primary and secondary schools. From the horizontal level, this paper describes the regional differences between Chinese and American primary and secondary school teachers' salaries, and makes a comparative analysis between the Chinese and American teachers' salaries and other industries' salaries. From the relative level of teachers' wages in primary and secondary schools, the influence of teachers' wage level on the supply of teachers in primary and secondary schools in China and the United States is drawn. The main body of the thesis consists of three parts. The first part is the analysis of the salary level of the public primary and middle school teachers in China, including the absolute and relative levels of the teachers' wages since the 1990s. From the absolute level, the absolute wage of primary and secondary school teachers in China has increased rapidly, and has increased tens of times in about 20 years. There are obvious differences between the regions, the teachers' wages in the east and the west are high, the wages in the central region are low, and the phenomenon of depression appears. In terms of relative level, the real wage growth rate of primary and secondary school teachers adjusted by price level is not large, and in the rank of national economy industry, it also depends on the position in the middle to the lower end, compared with the salary of the equivalent education industry. Teachers' wages are at a low level. Teachers' income index is also lower than the reasonable level of teachers' wages. The second part is the analysis of American public primary and middle school teachers' salary level. From the point of view of the absolute level of public primary and secondary school teachers, the salaries of public primary and secondary school teachers in the United States have been increasing since the 1980's. The wage gap of public primary and middle school teachers in different regions is large, and the salary of public primary and middle school teachers in developed regions is higher than that of teachers in less developed areas. Looking at the relative levels of public primary and secondary school teachers in the United States, over the past 30 years or so, the actual average annual salary of public school teachers has only increased by a relatively high rate in the 1980s, and has been in decline since the 1990s. The real wages of public primary and secondary school teachers in various regions have not increased as much as those of absolute wages, and even negative increases have occurred in some regions. Comparing the salaries of American public primary and middle school teachers with the salaries of the equivalent industries, primary and secondary school teachers rank backwards in salary, and their professional competitiveness is relatively weak. The third part makes a comparative analysis of the teachers' wage levels in public primary and secondary schools in China and the United States. The level of teachers' wages affects the supply of teachers in primary and secondary schools in China and the United States, including the attraction of talented people. The stability of the teachers and the influence of the structure of the teachers. Therefore, China and the United States should improve teachers' salaries, ensure teachers' treatment and attract talented people into the ranks of teachers.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G635.1
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