高中地理灾害教育实施现状与教学策略研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 09:09

【摘要】：我国自然灾害种类多、分布广、危害大、发生频率高,防灾减灾受到政府、社会、公众的高度重视,作为防灾减灾重要组成部分的灾害教育也得到较多的关注。“国际减轻自然灾害十年”中指出:“教育是减轻灾害计划的中心,知识是减轻灾害成败的关键”,反映了学校是灾害教育的主要实施场所。2006年国际减轻自然灾害日的主题是“减灾始于学校”,这一主题折射出学校在防灾减灾教育的关键作用。学校开展灾害教育的形式主要是教学,在中学所有学科中只有地理学是研究人类活动与地理环境的相互关系的科学其中蕴含丰富的自然灾害知识、内容并涉及自然灾害的发生过程、防治措施等,所以地理教学无疑是中学阶段实施灾害教育的主阵地,也是培养、提高学生防灾素养的主要途径,要充分发挥地理学科在灾害教育中的重要作用。本文主要采用了文献研究法、问卷调查法、数理分析法来阐述高中地理灾害教育现状并提出具体的教学策略。首先运用文献研究法理清灾害教育研究的国内外现状、研究背景,并厘清有关灾害教育的基本概念;其次通过问卷调查的形式,分析高中生的基本情况其中包括调查对象的灾害经历、灾害演练情况、灾害知识与技能来源、防灾准备、家庭防灾教育,阐述高中地理灾害教育的实施现状和高中生整体的防灾素养,得出了高中地理灾害教育实施比较薄弱、高中生防灾素养不高尤其是防灾知识比较欠缺的结论;再次结合数理分析的手段,阐述年级、性别、地区三个因子对高中生防灾素养的影响;最后针对高中生防灾素养不高的现状,结合高中生获取灾害知识、技能的来源和高中生获取地理信息的偏好,提出在地理课堂教学中采用活动探究、案例分析的教学方式来提升高中生的防灾素养,联系实践演练、乡土地理将灾害知识、态度更好的转变为灾害技能,并整合学生的灾害经历撰写暴雨、高温的教学案例。灾害教育是面向全体公民的教育,中学是积累防灾知识、培养防灾技能的重要时机。通过地理教学培养未来公民必备的地理素养包括防灾素养,增强学生的生存能力。地理教育工作者应为灾害教育尽绵薄之力,从现在做起,从我做起。
[Abstract]:There are many kinds of natural disasters in China, such as wide distribution, great harm, high frequency of occurrence. The government, society and the public attach great importance to disaster prevention and mitigation, and disaster education, as an important part of disaster prevention and mitigation, has been paid more attention. As stated in the International decade for Natural disaster reduction, "Education is at the centre of disaster reduction plans and knowledge is the key to the success or failure of disaster reduction", The theme of 2006 International Day for Natural disaster Mitigation is "disaster reduction begins at school", which reflects the key role of school in disaster prevention and mitigation education. The form of disaster education in schools is mainly teaching. In all subjects of middle school, geography is the science that studies the relationship between human activities and geographical environment, which contains abundant knowledge of natural disasters. The content also involves the process of occurrence of natural disasters, prevention measures and so on. Therefore, geography teaching is undoubtedly the main position for the implementation of disaster education in the middle school stage, and it is also the main way to cultivate and improve the students' disaster prevention literacy. It is necessary to give full play to the important role of geography in disaster education. This article mainly uses the literature research method, the questionnaire survey method, the mathematical analysis method to expound the high school geography disaster education present situation and proposes the concrete teaching strategy. Firstly, the present situation and background of disaster education research at home and abroad are clarified by the method of literature research, and the basic concepts of disaster education are clarified. To analyze the basic situation of senior high school students, including the disaster experience, disaster drills, disaster knowledge and skill sources, disaster preparedness, family disaster prevention education, This paper expounds the present situation of the implementation of high school geography disaster education and the overall disaster prevention literacy of senior high school students, and draws a conclusion that the implementation of high school geography disaster education is relatively weak, and the disaster prevention literacy of senior high school students is not high, especially the knowledge of disaster prevention. Again combined with the means of mathematical analysis, the impact of grade, gender, and area on high school students' disaster prevention literacy is expounded. Finally, aiming at the current situation of high school students' disaster prevention literacy, combining with the high school students' acquisition of disaster knowledge, The sources of skills and the preference of senior high school students to obtain geographical information are put forward. The teaching methods of activity inquiry and case analysis in geography classroom teaching are proposed to improve the high school students' disaster prevention literacy, to link with practice exercises, and to improve the disaster knowledge of local geography. Better attitude into disaster skills, and integration of students' disaster experiences to write torrential rain, high temperature teaching cases. Disaster education is an education for all citizens. Middle school is an important time to accumulate disaster prevention knowledge and develop disaster prevention skills. In order to enhance students' ability to survive, it is necessary to cultivate future citizens' geography literacy including disaster prevention quality through geography teaching. Geography educators should do their utmost in disaster education, from now on, from me.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.55

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