初中学困生学业困境的成因及教育对策研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 17:51

【摘要】：学困生的存在,意味着许多学生不能得到有效发展,甚至学生身心健康成长也会受到影响。学困生的教育问题不仅关系到基础教育改革的成效,实现社会公平和现代化的程度,而且还与学生、家庭和老师的幸福密切相关。初中阶段是学生学习习惯、学习态度、学习方法等逐渐定型的重要阶段,这一阶段出现的学困生具有明显的特点。本研究采用了质性研究的方法,以三个学困生为案例,运用观察法、访谈法、案例研究等方法对他们的学习生活进行了为期近两年的观察研究。造成学困生学业困境的局面主要有三个影响因素:社会环境的影响使他们缺少学习的动力;家庭原因影响他们的成长;学生自身非智力因素造成他们的学业困境。其中家庭原因主要包括缺少正常的家庭关爱和家庭教育方法不恰当,学生自身非智力因素造成的学业困境主要表现在四个方面:学习动机薄弱,学习目的不明确;学习态度不端正;注意力不集中;学习策略不当。破解学困生学业困境需要多种综合的教育策略。首先,激发学困生的学习动机,在树立明确的学习目标的同时促使他们端正学习态度;另外还可以通过激发学困生的学习兴趣来增强他们的自信心。其次,良好的学习方法和学习习惯是成功的前提,教师要帮助学困生改进他们的预习方法、听课方法、作业方法,使他们养成良好的预习习惯、上课习惯、作业习惯。再次,教师要转变教育理念,对学困生实施爱的教育。最后,教师要鼓励家长积极参与到学困生的教育中,转变家长的教育观念,家长要营造一个良好的家庭学习环境,同时采取多种方式与孩子沟通。
[Abstract]:The existence of students with learning difficulties means that many students can not get effective development, even students' physical and mental health will be affected. The problem of education for students with learning difficulties is not only related to the effect of basic education reform and the degree of social equity and modernization, but also closely related to the happiness of students, families and teachers. Junior middle school is an important stage in which students' learning habits, learning attitudes and learning methods are gradually finalized. The students with learning difficulties in this stage have obvious characteristics. This study adopts qualitative research method, taking three students with learning difficulties as cases, using observation method, interview method, case study method and so on, to carry on the observation research on their study life for nearly two years. There are three main influencing factors: the influence of social environment makes them lack the motivation of learning; the family causes their growth; the students' own non-intellectual factors cause their academic distress. Among them, the family reasons mainly include the lack of normal family care and improper family education methods, and the students' academic difficulties caused by non-intellectual factors are mainly reflected in four aspects: weak learning motivation and unclear learning purpose; Learning attitude is not correct; attention is not focused; learning strategy is improper. To solve the learning difficulties of students with learning difficulties requires a variety of comprehensive educational strategies. First of all, to stimulate the learning motivation of students with learning difficulties, to set up a clear learning goal while promoting them to correct their learning attitude; in addition, students with learning difficulties can stimulate their interest in learning to enhance their self-confidence. Secondly, good learning methods and study habits are the premise of success. Teachers should help students with learning difficulties to improve their preparation methods, listening methods, homework methods, so that they can develop good preparation habits, class habits, homework habits. Thirdly, teachers should change the educational idea and carry out the education of love to the students with learning difficulties. Finally, teachers should encourage parents to actively participate in the education of students with learning difficulties, change their parents' educational concept, create a good family learning environment, and adopt a variety of ways to communicate with their children.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G632.0

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