初中生数据分析能力薄弱的原因及对策研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 16:49

【摘要】：近些年来,数据分析作为统计的核心内容,在义务教育数学课程中逐渐突出。同时,随着六大数学核心素养的提出,数据分析能力备受人们关注,成为数学教育研究的一个热点问题。但是,通过查阅近几年的文献以及笔者对初中生数据分析能力的现状测试,我们发现初中生的数据分析能力普遍比较薄弱,然而对其薄弱原因进行研究的却很少。因此,初中生数据分析能力薄弱原因和对策研究是一个值得研究的课题。本文首先说明了问题的缘由、前人研究的综述、研究的主要问题、意义和方法;其次,从数据分析能力的界定、结构和标准方面进行了理论研究;再次,对初中生数据分析能力现状进行了调查,并针对其薄弱现状,通过调查学生和访谈教师挖掘出初中生数据分析能力薄弱的原因;最后,针对薄弱的原因,给出提高初中生数据分析能力的对策和具体案例。本文通过对济南、淄博、日照三个地区的320名初中学生进行测试和问卷调查,同时对三个地区的15名教师进行访谈,挖掘出初中生数据分析能力薄弱的主要原因有:教师和学生不重视数据分析基础知识和基本方法的练习;教师对学生数据分析基础知识的要求低;学生对数据分析基础知识的理解、掌握,尤其是应用不够;教师数据分析基本方法教授、指导偏少,学生基本方法掌握较差;教师数据分析基本方法讲解不透彻、不到位;教师对学生的数据分析学习结果处理不当。笔者针对以上薄弱的原因,提出提高初中生数据分析能力的教学建议:首先,笔者提出了提高初中生数据分析能力的基本要求:要重视培养数据分析能力;重视教授数据分析基础知识;注重学习数据分析基本方法;恰当地安排数据分析部分的练习;教师要注重处理学生的数据分析学习结果。其次,笔者分别针对课前、课堂、课后三个环节提出了提高初中生数据分析能力的课堂要求。对数据分析课前的建议:教师备课时要深入挖掘数据分析基本方法;课前教师对学生的数据分析练习要精心安排和选择。对数据分析课堂的建议:加强对数据分析基础知识的教学;教师课堂上要透彻讲解数据分析基本方法,同时鼓励学生思考多种方法;课堂上教师要注重对学生数据分析学习结果的检查督导;教师要在学生数据分析错误订正上发挥主导作用;教师要提高学生数据分析总结概括的频率,挖掘多种总结概括数据分析的方式。对数据分析课后的建议:学生课后要有所选择地增加练习;教师要注重对学生数据分析学习结果的作业检查督导;教师要及时评价学生数据分析学习结果。最后,结合所给教学建议,给出了初中生数据分析课堂的教学案例。
[Abstract]:In recent years, as the core content of statistics, data analysis is becoming more and more important in mathematics curriculum of compulsory education. At the same time, with the development of six mathematics core qualities, the ability of data analysis has become a hot issue in mathematics education. However, through the review of the literature in recent years and the author's current test of junior high school students' ability of data analysis, we find that the ability of data analysis of junior high school students is generally weak, but there are few researches on the causes of their weakness. Therefore, the research on the causes and countermeasures of junior high school students' weak ability of data analysis is worth studying. This paper first explains the cause of the problem, the review of previous studies, the main problems, significance and methods of the study, secondly, from the definition of the ability of data analysis, structure and standards of theoretical research; Thirdly, the current situation of junior high school students' data analysis ability is investigated, and according to their weak situation, through the investigation of students and interviews with teachers to find out the reasons for junior high school students' weak ability of data analysis; Finally, in view of the weak reason, gives the improvement junior high school student data analysis ability countermeasure and the concrete case. In this paper, 320 junior middle school students in Jinan, Zibo and Rizhao were tested and investigated. At the same time, 15 teachers from three regions were interviewed. The main reasons for the weakness of junior high school students' ability of data analysis are as follows: teachers and students do not attach importance to the practice of basic knowledge and methods of data analysis; Teachers have low requirements for students' basic knowledge of data analysis, students' understanding of basic knowledge of data analysis, especially the lack of application, teaching of basic methods of teacher data analysis, less guidance, and students' poor mastery of basic methods; The basic method of teacher's data analysis is not explained thoroughly, and the result of student's data analysis is not handled properly. In view of the above weak reasons, the author puts forward teaching suggestions to improve junior high school students' ability of data analysis: first, the author puts forward the basic requirements of improving junior high school students' ability of data analysis: pay attention to cultivating the ability of data analysis; Pay attention to teaching the basic knowledge of data analysis; pay attention to learning the basic method of data analysis; arrange the exercises of data analysis part properly; and teachers should pay attention to dealing with the students' data analysis learning results. Secondly, the author puts forward the classroom requirements to improve junior high school students' ability of data analysis. The suggestions for data analysis before class: teachers should dig into the basic methods of data analysis while preparing lessons, and teachers should carefully arrange and choose the data analysis exercises for students before class. The suggestions to the data analysis classroom include: strengthening the teaching of the basic knowledge of data analysis, explaining thoroughly the basic methods of data analysis in the classroom, and encouraging students to think about various methods at the same time; In class, teachers should pay attention to the inspection and supervision of students' data analysis and learning results, and teachers should play a leading role in correcting students' data analysis errors. Teachers should improve the frequency of summing up students' data analysis and excavate various methods of summing up data analysis. The suggestion to the data analysis class: students should choose to increase the practice after class; the teacher should pay attention to the homework inspection and supervision of the student data analysis study result; the teacher should evaluate the student data analysis study result in time. Finally, combined with the teaching suggestions, the teaching case of junior high school students data analysis classroom is given.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6

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