中国与哈萨克斯坦中学思想政治教育比较研究

发布时间：2018-11-10 18:09

【摘要】：对中哈两国中学的思想政治教育的目标、内容、方法等方面进行比较研究,能使我们进一步了解、认识中亚国家尤其是哈萨克斯坦共和国中学思想政治教育的现状、优势和特色,有利于我们比较客观全面地认识我国中学思想政治教育的现有水平和发展状况,增强向世界各国学习成功经验、有效方式方法的主动性和迫切性,以改进和优化我国中学的思想政治教育。本文所涉及的中哈两国中学的思想政治教育的研究对象,主要是指两国高中阶段的思想政治教育。高中阶段的思想政治教育对青少年形成良好的道德教育和科学的世界观有很大的帮助。哈萨克斯坦共和国(以下简称哈国)从1991年独立后,经济政治文化一度处于混乱状态,现在已井然有序,哈国公民的文化素质已经引起世界各国的广泛关注,这与哈国重视公民的思想政治教育是分不开的。有些人认为哈国没有思想政治教育,其实不然,只是名称不同,像英国、美国和法国称为“公民教育”或“公民道德教育”,日本称为“道德教育”,加拿大、德国称为“政治教育”,而哈国将思想政治教育称为民主主义教育(哈语翻译),民主主义教育是指哈国法律制度的民主,宪法规定哈国是民主世俗的国家,因此对学生进行思想上的教育也是围绕国家政治制度。哈国的民主主义教育是将民主的理念贯穿于学生的整个学习生涯中。本文从哈国民主主义教育背景入手,比较分析两国中学思想政治教育的培养目标、内容和方法上的个性和共性特征。在目标上,我国高中培养有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义“四有”公民,而哈国培养民主主义教育公民,都体现了国家政治体制对学生的培养要求。在内容上,我国高中思想政治教育有爱国主义教育、政治理论教育、思想道德教育、传统文化教育和马克思主义基本原理教育等,哈国高中民主主义教育内容包括爱国主义教育、宗教教育、道德教育及生态环境教育等。在方法上,中哈两国侧重点不同,我国比较重视显性教育,而哈国更多地采取隐性教育法。最后结合我国高中教育的实际,拟提出适合我国高中思想政治教育的借鉴与启示,包括:一、倡导“快乐学习法”,改变以往只注重分数的考核方式,批判性地借鉴哈国高中的考核方式,对学生进行综合测量,这样才能使考核更加全面、客观。二、加强传统文化教育,增强学生多元文化教育。三、重视校园环境的建设,发挥环境育人作用,让高中生在参加活动的同时接受思想教育,这是比较高明的方法。四、充分发挥大众媒体的作用,创新思想政治方式。五、借鉴隐性渗透教育法,注重隐性教育与显性教育结合,尤其是人文类课程的渗透结合,渗透教育也是哈国进行民主主义教育的重要方法之一。
[Abstract]:A comparative study of the objectives, contents and methods of ideological and political education in the middle schools of China and Kazakhstan will enable us to further understand and understand the current situation of ideological and political education in middle schools in Central Asian countries, especially in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The advantages and characteristics will help us to understand objectively and comprehensively the current level and development of ideological and political education in our country's middle schools, and to enhance the initiative and urgency of learning successful experiences and effective methods and methods from all over the world. In order to improve and optimize our middle school ideological and political education. The research object of the ideological and political education in the middle schools of China and Kazakhstan is mainly the ideological and political education in the senior middle school of the two countries. The ideological and political education in senior high school helps young people to form good moral education and scientific world outlook. Since the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter referred to as Kazakhstan) became independent in 1991, economic, political and cultural conditions have been in a chaotic state, and now the cultural quality of Kazakh citizens has aroused widespread concern around the world. This and Kazakhstan attach importance to the ideological and political education of citizens is inseparable. Some people think that there is no ideological and political education in Kazakhstan, but the name is different. For example, Britain, the United States and France call it "civic education" or "civic moral education," Japan calls it "moral education," and Canada, Germany calls it "political education", while Kazakhstan calls ideological and political education "democratic education". Democratic education refers to the democracy of the Kazakh legal system, and the Constitution stipulates that Kazakhstan is a democratic and secular state. Therefore, the ideological education of students revolves around the national political system. The democratic education of Kazakhstan is to run the idea of democracy through the whole study career of students. Starting from the background of democratic education in Kazakhstan, this paper compares and analyzes the cultivation objectives, contents and methods of ideological and political education in the two countries. In terms of the goal, the high school of our country has the ideal, the morals, the education, the discipline socialism "four have" the citizen, but the Kazakh country trains the democratic education citizen, all has manifested the national political system to the student training request. In terms of content, high school ideological and political education in our country includes patriotism education, political theory education, ideological and moral education, traditional cultural education and Marxist basic principles education, etc. High school democracy education includes patriotism education, religious education, moral education and ecological education. In terms of methods, China and Kazakhstan have different emphases. Our country pays more attention to explicit education, while Kazakhstan takes recessive education more often. Finally, combined with the reality of high school education in our country, this paper proposes some references and revelations suitable for high school ideological and political education in our country, including: first, to advocate "happy learning method" and to change the assessment method that only pays attention to scores in the past. In order to make the assessment more comprehensive and objective, the comprehensive measurement of the students can be made by using the assessment method of Kazakh senior high school critically for reference. Second, strengthen the education of traditional culture and strengthen the multicultural education of students. Third, attach importance to the construction of campus environment, play the role of environmental education, let high school students take part in the activities at the same time to receive ideological education, this is a more brilliant method. Fourth, give full play to the role of mass media, innovative ideological and political methods. Fifthly, draw lessons from the hidden infiltration education method, pay attention to the combination of implicit education and explicit education, especially the infiltration of humanities curriculum, infiltration education is also one of the important methods of democratic education in Kazakhstan.
【学位授予单位】：伊犁师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G631

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