带电粒子在电磁场中运动问题命制思路
发布时间：2018-11-24 10:58
【摘要】：高考是我国选拔人才的一种重要方式,而电磁学在高考占有较大的比重,所以研究电磁学相关知识就很有必要。本文通过分析静电场和磁场相关内容课程标准要求和教材内容以及高考考试大纲要求,笔者发现在物理考高全国卷中此部分的知识的要求较高,出现频率也很高。通过对带电粒子在电磁场中运动的典型高考计算的分析,总结出带电粒子在电磁场中运动问题设计的物理知识并不难,一般是带电粒子在电场中做类平抛运动,在磁场中做圆周运动或部分圆周运动。可是这部分知识往往以压轴题的形式出现,通过分析发现难点一般出现在利用几何知识求解粒子运动半径,需要应用到几何相关知识,应用比较多的数学知识有三角函数关系(直角三角函数)、圆与直线的关系、圆与圆的关系、三角形与圆的关系等。所以要求学生有扎实的数学基础。同时也给学生提供一种解带电粒子在电磁场中运动问题的思路,即先大致画出粒子的运动轨迹,然后利用几何知识求出需要的物理量。高考题目具有原创性,学生平时的练习或测试的过程,试卷中的原创题目较少的话会影响测试的信度。所以要求老师要有命制原创题目的能力。本文尝试从数形结合思想出发,找到一种命制带电粒子在电磁场中运动问题的思路,希望给物理老师一些启示。学生在解题的过程中,需要应用数学知识解答电磁场相关知识。这给老师命题提供了一种思路,在命题的过程中可以将数形结合的思想融入到物理试题中。粒子在电磁场中运动的轨迹为几何图形,利用几何证明相关试题为带电粒子在电磁场中运动问题的命制提供模型,再根据模型设置合适的物理情景,这样可以进行原创题的命制。命题思路大致如下:(1)选取几何试题;(2)设置物理情景,预设条件;(3)确定物理问题;(4)修改题目语言表达;(5)试题分析及解答。
[Abstract]:College entrance examination is an important way to select talents in our country, and electromagnetism occupies a large proportion in the college entrance examination, so it is necessary to study the relevant knowledge of electromagnetism. Based on the analysis of the requirements of electrostatic field and magnetic field related courses, the contents of teaching materials and the requirements of the college entrance examination syllabus, the author finds that the knowledge of this part in the physics examination paper is very high, and the frequency of occurrence is also very high. Based on the analysis of the typical college entrance examination calculation of the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic field, it is concluded that it is not difficult to design the physical knowledge of the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic field. Make a circular motion or a partial circular motion in a magnetic field. However, this part of the knowledge often appears in the form of the axial problem. Through the analysis, it is found that the difficult point is to solve the radius of particle motion by using geometric knowledge, which needs to be applied to the relevant knowledge of geometry. The mathematical knowledge used includes trigonometric function (right trigonometric function), circle and straight line, circle and circle, triangle and circle, etc. Therefore, students are required to have a solid mathematical foundation. At the same time, it also provides students with a way to solve the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic fields, that is, to draw the trajectory of particles, and then to use geometric knowledge to find out the required physical quantities. College entrance examination questions have originality, students usually practice or test process, the test paper with less original questions will affect the reliability of the test. So ask the teacher to have the ability to make original questions. This paper attempts to find a way of thinking about the movement of charged particles in electromagnetic field from the combination of numbers and shapes, hoping to give some enlightenment to physics teachers. In the process of solving problems, students need to apply mathematical knowledge to solve electromagnetic related knowledge. This provides the teacher with a way of thinking that the idea of combining numbers and shapes can be incorporated into the physics examination questions in the process of proposition. The trajectory of particle motion in electromagnetic field is geometric figure. Using geometric proof, the paper provides a model for the problem of charged particle moving in electromagnetic field, and then sets the appropriate physical scene according to the model. In this way, the original problem can be ordered. The propositional ideas are as follows: (1) selecting geometric test questions; (2) setting up physical situations, presupposing conditions; (3) determining physical problems; (4) modifying the expression of topic language; (5) analyzing and solving test questions.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7
本文编号：2353427
[Abstract]:College entrance examination is an important way to select talents in our country, and electromagnetism occupies a large proportion in the college entrance examination, so it is necessary to study the relevant knowledge of electromagnetism. Based on the analysis of the requirements of electrostatic field and magnetic field related courses, the contents of teaching materials and the requirements of the college entrance examination syllabus, the author finds that the knowledge of this part in the physics examination paper is very high, and the frequency of occurrence is also very high. Based on the analysis of the typical college entrance examination calculation of the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic field, it is concluded that it is not difficult to design the physical knowledge of the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic field. Make a circular motion or a partial circular motion in a magnetic field. However, this part of the knowledge often appears in the form of the axial problem. Through the analysis, it is found that the difficult point is to solve the radius of particle motion by using geometric knowledge, which needs to be applied to the relevant knowledge of geometry. The mathematical knowledge used includes trigonometric function (right trigonometric function), circle and straight line, circle and circle, triangle and circle, etc. Therefore, students are required to have a solid mathematical foundation. At the same time, it also provides students with a way to solve the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic fields, that is, to draw the trajectory of particles, and then to use geometric knowledge to find out the required physical quantities. College entrance examination questions have originality, students usually practice or test process, the test paper with less original questions will affect the reliability of the test. So ask the teacher to have the ability to make original questions. This paper attempts to find a way of thinking about the movement of charged particles in electromagnetic field from the combination of numbers and shapes, hoping to give some enlightenment to physics teachers. In the process of solving problems, students need to apply mathematical knowledge to solve electromagnetic related knowledge. This provides the teacher with a way of thinking that the idea of combining numbers and shapes can be incorporated into the physics examination questions in the process of proposition. The trajectory of particle motion in electromagnetic field is geometric figure. Using geometric proof, the paper provides a model for the problem of charged particle moving in electromagnetic field, and then sets the appropriate physical scene according to the model. In this way, the original problem can be ordered. The propositional ideas are as follows: (1) selecting geometric test questions; (2) setting up physical situations, presupposing conditions; (3) determining physical problems; (4) modifying the expression of topic language; (5) analyzing and solving test questions.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7
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