语用学视角下的高中语文口语交际教学研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 10:05

【摘要】：随着交际活动日益频繁,口语交际成为人们生活中必不可少的一部分,人们越来越重视口语交际能力。自新课改以来,口语交际成为语文教学的重要组成部分。继《全日制义务教育语文课程标准》之后,《普通高中语文课程标准》对学生的口语交际能力提出了新要求,强调培养学生的倾听、表达与应对能力,同时注重交流过程中学生的文明态度和语言修养。为了进一步落实培养学生的口语表达能力的目标,2014年我国教育部正式发文号召经典诵读,旨在通过经典诵读活动提高学生的口语表达能力;2016年《中国学生发展核心素养》提出学生发展的六大素养,其中之一是社会参与——责任担当,要求学生以开放的心态对待不同的文化,积极参与文化交流。新的教学理念给教师提出新的教学要求。在新的教学理念指导下,许多教师以提高学生的口语交际能力为目标展开教学取得了一些成绩,但也存在一些问题。本文以秦安一中为调查对象,在教学实践期间听课和讲课的基础上,从教师对口语交际的认识、教学安排、教学情境的创设等方面来调查教师的教学情况;从学生对口语交际的认识、语言表达、交际话题、教学方法、评价方式等方面来调查学生的口语交际学习状况。同时用访谈作为调查问卷的补充资料。通过综合分析,教师层面存在口语交际教学理念不够明确、教学话题范围较窄、教学评价不够全面等问题;学生层面存在口语交际语言障碍、非语言障碍、交际心理障碍等问题。通过对现状的分析,教师方面的原因有忽视口语交际的重要性、教学时间不充足、教学内容较为单一等,学生方面的原因有对口语交际的认识不足,课堂参与性不强,交际底子较为薄弱等。为了解决存在的问题,本文以语用学为理论基础,将口语交际教学中存在的问题落实到交际过程中的各个环节,遵循语用学的合作原则、礼貌原则、面子原则,从交际对象、话题、方法、效果等环节入手,提出相应的对策,以期对高中语文口语交际教学提供一些参考意见,促进学生口语交际能力的提高。
[Abstract]:With the increasing frequency of communication activities, oral communication has become an essential part of people's life, people pay more and more attention to oral communication ability. Since the new curriculum reform, oral communication has become an important part of Chinese teaching. Following the Chinese Curriculum Standard of Full-time compulsory Education, the Chinese Curriculum Standard of General Senior Middle School puts forward new requirements for students' oral communication ability, emphasizing the cultivation of students' listening, expressing and coping abilities. At the same time, pay attention to the communication process of the civilized attitude of students and language cultivation. In order to further implement the goal of cultivating students' oral expression ability, Chinese Ministry of Education issued a formal call for classical reading in 2014, in order to improve students' oral expression ability through classical reading activities. The "Core Literacy of Chinese Student Development" in 2016 puts forward six qualities for students' development, one of which is social participation-responsibility, which requires students to take an open attitude towards different cultures and actively participate in cultural exchanges. The new teaching idea puts forward new teaching requirements for teachers. Under the guidance of the new teaching concept, many teachers have made some achievements in teaching with the aim of improving students' oral communicative competence, but there are also some problems. On the basis of listening to and lecturing during the teaching practice, this paper investigates the teachers' teaching situation from the aspects of teachers' understanding of oral communication, teaching arrangement and the creation of teaching situation, taking Qin'an No. 1 Middle School as the object of investigation. From the aspects of students' understanding of oral communication, language expression, communication topics, teaching methods, evaluation methods and so on, this paper investigates students' learning status of oral communication. At the same time, the interview is used as the supplementary data of the questionnaire. Through the comprehensive analysis, there are some problems in the teaching of oral communication at the teacher level, such as the lack of clarity of the teaching concept, the narrow range of teaching topics, and the lack of comprehensive teaching evaluation. At the student level, there are some problems such as language barrier, non-language obstacle and psychological obstacle in oral communication. Through the analysis of the present situation, the reasons for teachers' neglect of the importance of oral communication, insufficient teaching time, single teaching content and so on, the students have insufficient understanding of oral communication, classroom participation is not strong, and so on. Communication is weak and so on. In order to solve the existing problems, based on the theory of pragmatics, this paper implements the problems in the teaching of oral communication to every link in the process of communication, following the principles of pragmatics cooperation, politeness, face, and from the object of communication. Starting with the topic, method, effect and so on, this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures in order to provide some reference suggestions for the teaching of oral communication in senior high school Chinese, and to promote the improvement of students' oral communication ability.
【学位授予单位】：天水师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.3

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