数学实验在初中统计与概率教学中的应用研究
发布时间：2018-11-26 16:47
【摘要】：在传统的“考分”政策下,数学作为培养学生思维能力的有效手段仅仅只是表现在学生的解题能力的高低,或数学成绩考的好不好的结果上,而在新的课程改革的倡导下,数学课堂教学应当注重激发学生的学习兴趣,注重学生的动手实践,让学生能够有足够的时间和空间经历观察、实验等数学活动过程。数学实验就是基于学生主动参与的一种探究式学习方式,也是一种高效的教学方式,对于学生的应用意识和创新意识的培养尤为重要。统计与概率是初中数学学习的重要内容之一,在现实生活中有广泛的应用。概率统计教学中,要求学生能够体会频率与概率的关系,体会样本与总体的关系,体会随机事件发生的可能性,经历数据收集,整理的过程等。采用数学实验教学,可以让学生经历数据统计的全过程,感受事件发生的随机性,由此可见数学实验在概率统计教学中是非常重要的。但是,在现实的概率统计课堂上,许多的教师不愿花时间做数学实验,一方面原因是觉得耽误时间,完成不了教学任务,另一方面是对于数学实验教学无法着手做。所以结合上述情况,本文提出了相应的教学策略及设计了相应的教学案例进行研究。本研究结合日常在初中数学教学中的实践经历,一共分为5章,第一章阐述了论文的选题背景、研究的问题;第二章通过文献综述,介绍已有的数学实验在概率统计教学中应用的现状;第三章通过查阅相关资料,以及对初中教材的细读,阐述数学实验在概率统计教学中的类型和实施数学实验教学的必要性和可行性;第四章是本研究的主要内容,一方面是阐述本研究的理论基础,另一方面阐述数学实验在概率统计教学中应用策略,主要涉及教学环境、教师教学、学生学习三个维度及相关案例设计和应用;第五章总结并反思上述研究。通过研究发现,在概率统计章节的教学中,数学实验的应用类型主要有借助计算机进行模拟实验和借助教具等实物进行实验。数学实验应用于概率统计教学中是有必要的,能够使得概率统计相关概念变得直观,能够锻炼学生的应用意识和动手操作的能力;现代信息技术在数学课堂中的应用,教师教学方式和学生学习方式的改革,使得数学实验应用于概率统计教学是可行的。实施数学实验教学的实施可以注意从下面的策略来思考:(1)合理的使用计算机进行数学实验的展示;(2)注重数学思想的渗透,主要包含概率统计中的统计思想,随机思想,数学模型的思想;(3)注重数学实验的趣味性,主要包含两个内容,一是数学实验的选材要有趣,二是数学实验采用的实验工具要有趣;(4)注重培养学生的动手操作能力和应用意识;(5)注重创设好的实验环境。
[Abstract]:Under the traditional "score" policy, mathematics, as an effective means to cultivate students' thinking ability, is only reflected in the students' ability to solve problems or the results of the math test, but under the initiative of the new curriculum reform, The mathematics classroom teaching should pay attention to arousing students' interest in learning, paying attention to students' hands-on practice, so that students can have enough time and space to experience observation, experiment and other mathematical activities. Mathematics experiment is a kind of inquiry learning method based on students' active participation, and it is also an efficient teaching method, which is especially important for the cultivation of students' application consciousness and innovation consciousness. Statistics and probability is one of the important contents of mathematics study in junior high school, which is widely used in real life. In the teaching of probability statistics, students are required to understand the relationship between frequency and probability, the relationship between sample and population, the possibility of random events, and the process of data collection and collation. The use of mathematical experiment teaching can make students experience the whole process of data statistics and feel the randomness of events. It can be seen that mathematical experiment is very important in probability and statistics teaching. However, in the realistic probability and statistics class, many teachers are unwilling to spend time doing mathematical experiments, on the one hand, because they feel that the time is delayed and can not complete the teaching tasks, on the other hand, they cannot do it for the mathematics experiment teaching. Therefore, combining the above situation, this paper puts forward the corresponding teaching strategy and designs the corresponding teaching case to carry on the research. This research combined with the daily experience in junior high school mathematics teaching, a total of five chapters, the first chapter describes the background of the thesis, research issues; The second chapter introduces the current situation of the application of mathematical experiments in probability and statistics teaching through literature review. The third chapter, through consulting relevant materials and reading the junior high school textbooks, expounds the types of mathematical experiments in probability and statistics teaching and the necessity and feasibility of carrying out mathematical experimental teaching. The fourth chapter is the main content of this study, on the one hand is to elaborate the theoretical basis of this study, on the other hand, the application of mathematical experiments in probability and statistics teaching strategies, mainly related to the teaching environment, teacher teaching, Students learn three dimensions and relevant case design and application; Chapter five summarizes and reflects on the above research. Through the research, it is found that in the teaching of probability and statistics chapter, the main application types of mathematical experiments are computer simulation experiments and teaching aids and other physical experiments. It is necessary to apply mathematical experiment to the teaching of probability and statistics, which can make the related concepts of probability and statistics intuitionistic, and can exercise the students' application consciousness and the ability of hands-on operation. The application of modern information technology in mathematics classroom and the reform of teachers' teaching methods and students' learning methods make it feasible to apply mathematical experiments to probability and statistics teaching. The implementation of mathematical experiment teaching can be considered from the following strategies: (1) the reasonable use of computer for mathematical experiment display; (2) pay attention to the infiltration of mathematical thought, including the statistical thought of probability and statistics, the thought of random and the thought of mathematical model; (3) paying attention to the interest of mathematical experiment, mainly contains two contents, one is that the material selection of mathematical experiment should be interesting, the other is that the experimental tool used in mathematical experiment should be interesting, (4) paying attention to cultivating the students' practical operation ability and application consciousness; (5) pay attention to creating good experimental environment.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6
本文编号：2359098
[Abstract]:Under the traditional "score" policy, mathematics, as an effective means to cultivate students' thinking ability, is only reflected in the students' ability to solve problems or the results of the math test, but under the initiative of the new curriculum reform, The mathematics classroom teaching should pay attention to arousing students' interest in learning, paying attention to students' hands-on practice, so that students can have enough time and space to experience observation, experiment and other mathematical activities. Mathematics experiment is a kind of inquiry learning method based on students' active participation, and it is also an efficient teaching method, which is especially important for the cultivation of students' application consciousness and innovation consciousness. Statistics and probability is one of the important contents of mathematics study in junior high school, which is widely used in real life. In the teaching of probability statistics, students are required to understand the relationship between frequency and probability, the relationship between sample and population, the possibility of random events, and the process of data collection and collation. The use of mathematical experiment teaching can make students experience the whole process of data statistics and feel the randomness of events. It can be seen that mathematical experiment is very important in probability and statistics teaching. However, in the realistic probability and statistics class, many teachers are unwilling to spend time doing mathematical experiments, on the one hand, because they feel that the time is delayed and can not complete the teaching tasks, on the other hand, they cannot do it for the mathematics experiment teaching. Therefore, combining the above situation, this paper puts forward the corresponding teaching strategy and designs the corresponding teaching case to carry on the research. This research combined with the daily experience in junior high school mathematics teaching, a total of five chapters, the first chapter describes the background of the thesis, research issues; The second chapter introduces the current situation of the application of mathematical experiments in probability and statistics teaching through literature review. The third chapter, through consulting relevant materials and reading the junior high school textbooks, expounds the types of mathematical experiments in probability and statistics teaching and the necessity and feasibility of carrying out mathematical experimental teaching. The fourth chapter is the main content of this study, on the one hand is to elaborate the theoretical basis of this study, on the other hand, the application of mathematical experiments in probability and statistics teaching strategies, mainly related to the teaching environment, teacher teaching, Students learn three dimensions and relevant case design and application; Chapter five summarizes and reflects on the above research. Through the research, it is found that in the teaching of probability and statistics chapter, the main application types of mathematical experiments are computer simulation experiments and teaching aids and other physical experiments. It is necessary to apply mathematical experiment to the teaching of probability and statistics, which can make the related concepts of probability and statistics intuitionistic, and can exercise the students' application consciousness and the ability of hands-on operation. The application of modern information technology in mathematics classroom and the reform of teachers' teaching methods and students' learning methods make it feasible to apply mathematical experiments to probability and statistics teaching. The implementation of mathematical experiment teaching can be considered from the following strategies: (1) the reasonable use of computer for mathematical experiment display; (2) pay attention to the infiltration of mathematical thought, including the statistical thought of probability and statistics, the thought of random and the thought of mathematical model; (3) paying attention to the interest of mathematical experiment, mainly contains two contents, one is that the material selection of mathematical experiment should be interesting, the other is that the experimental tool used in mathematical experiment should be interesting, (4) paying attention to cultivating the students' practical operation ability and application consciousness; (5) pay attention to creating good experimental environment.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6
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